Sahih al-Bukhari
Fasting
كتاب الصوم
Chapter 67
الصَّوْمِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ
Ḥajjāj ibn Minhāl related to us: Shuʿbah related to us: ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr related to us, saying: I heard Qazaʿah say: I heard Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī (may Allah be pleased with him)—who took part in twelve military expeditions with the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace)—say: I heard four things from the Prophet that I found remarkable. He said: ‘A woman must not travel for a journey of two days unless accompanied by her husband or a maḥram. Fasting is not permitted on two days: al-Fiṭr and al-Aḍḥā. No prayer is to be performed after the dawn prayer until the sun rises, nor after the ʿAṣr prayer until the sun sets. And travel should be undertaken only to three mosques: the Sacred Mosque, al-Aqṣā Mosque, and this mosque of mine.’
Translation notes
The phrase لا تشد الرحال is an idiom about setting out on a journey; rendered ‘travel should be undertaken only’ in line with the established English witness. The Arabic gives the two days as al-Fiṭr and al-Aḍḥā; the witness expands their full festival names.
Chapter 68
صِيَامِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ
Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā said to me: Yaḥyā related to us, from Hishām, who said: My father informed me that ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) used to fast on the days of Minā, and that her father used to fast them as well.
Translation notes
The Arabic says ‘her father’ (كان أبوها); the English witness clarifies this as Hishām’s father in parentheses. Since Hishām is the immediate narrator, the referent is likely his father, but the Arabic wording is literalized here.
Muḥammad ibn Bashshār related to us: Ghundar related to us: Shuʿbah related to us: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿĪsā, from al-Zuhrī, from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah; and from Sālim, from Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them), who both said: No concession was given to fast on the days of Tashrīq except for one who could not find a sacrificial animal.
Translation notes
The Arabic has plural attribution ‘they both said’ and the feminine passive ‘that they be fasted’; rendered idiomatically as a prohibition/concession concerning fasting on those days.
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf related to us: Mālik informed us, from Ibn Shihāb, from Sālim ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar, from his father (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: For one performing ḥajj tamattuʿ after ʿumrah, fasting is prescribed up to the Day of ʿArafah. If he cannot find a sacrificial animal and has not fasted, he should fast on the days of Minā. Ibn Shihāb also related the same from ʿUrwah, from ʿĀʾishah. Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿd corroborated it from Ibn Shihāb.
Translation notes
The Arabic text describes the fasting rule and includes two transmission corroborations. The English witness supplies the dates of the days of Mina parenthetically; these dates are not stated in the Arabic block.
Chapter 69
صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ
Abū ʿĀṣim related to us, from ʿUmar ibn Muḥammad, from Sālim, from his father (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Regarding the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ, the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: ‘Whoever wishes may fast.’
Abū al-Yamān related to us: Shuʿayb informed us, from al-Zuhrī, who said: ʿUrwah ibn al-Zubayr informed me that ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and grant him peace) commanded fasting on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. When fasting in Ramaḍān was made obligatory, whoever wished fasted, and whoever wished did not.
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslamah related to us, from Mālik, from Hishām ibn ʿUrwah, from his father, from ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: Quraysh used to fast on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ during the pre-Islamic period, and the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and grant him peace) used to fast it too. When he came to Madinah, he fasted it and commanded that it be fasted. Then, when Ramaḍān was made obligatory, he left the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ to individual choice: whoever wished fasted it, and whoever wished left it.
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslamah related to us, from Mālik, from Ibn Shihāb, from Ḥumayd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who heard Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān (may Allah be pleased with them both) say from the pulpit on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ in the year he performed ḥajj: ‘People of Madinah, where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: “This is the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. Fasting it has not been prescribed for you, but I am fasting. So whoever wishes, let him fast, and whoever wishes, let him break his fast.”’
Translation notes
The Arabic says the speech occurred on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ in the year Muʿāwiyah performed ḥajj; that timing is retained.
Abū Maʿmar related to us: ʿAbd al-Wārith related to us: Ayyūb related to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿīd ibn Jubayr related to us, from his father, from Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) came to Madinah and saw the Jews fasting on the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. He asked, ‘What is this?’ They replied, ‘This is a good day; it is the day on which Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy, and Moses fasted on it.’ He said, ‘We have a greater claim to Moses than you.’ So he fasted that day and commanded that it be fasted.
ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh related to us: Abū Usāmah related to us, from Abū ʿUmays, from Qays ibn Muslim, from Ṭāriq ibn Shihāb, from Abū Mūsā (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Jews regarded the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ as a festival. The Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: ‘So you should fast it.’
Translation notes
The Arabic instruction is direct, ‘So you [plural] fast it’; the English witness phrases this as a recommendation.
ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Mūsā related to us, from Ibn ʿUyaynah, from ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Abī Yazīd, from Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: I never saw the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) seek to fast on a day, giving it preference over others, except this day—the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ—and this month, meaning Ramaḍān.
Al-Makkī ibn Ibrāhīm related to us: Yazīd related to us, from Salamah ibn al-Akwaʿ (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) instructed a man from the tribe of Aslam to announce to the people: ‘Whoever has eaten, let him fast for the remainder of the day; and whoever has not eaten, let him fast—for today is the Day of ʿĀshūrāʾ.’
Translation notes
The Arabic specifically commands both those who have eaten and those who have not to fast that day; the former are to fast for the remainder of the day.