Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihaad)

ʿAbd Allah ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Hisham narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Salim ibn ʿAbd Allah told me, from Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both), that he informed him that ʿUmar set out with a group of the Prophet’s Companions, accompanying the Prophet (ﷺ), toward Ibn Sayyad. They found him playing with boys near the fortress of Banu Maghala. Ibn Sayyad was then nearing puberty, and he did not notice until the Prophet (ﷺ) struck his back with his hand. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Do you testify that I am the Messenger of Allah?” Ibn Sayyad looked at him and said, “I testify that you are the Messenger of the unlettered people.” Ibn Sayyad said to the Prophet, “Do you testify that I am the Messenger of Allah?” The Prophet said to him, “I believe in Allah and His messengers.” The Prophet said, “What do you see?” Ibn Sayyad said, “A truthful one and a liar come to me.” The Prophet said, “The matter has become confused for you.” The Prophet said, “I have concealed something for you.” Ibn Sayyad said, “The smoke.” The Prophet said, “Be off! You will not exceed your station.” ʿUmar said, “Messenger of Allah, allow me to strike his neck.” The Prophet said, “If he is that one, you will not be given power over him; and if he is not that one, there is no good for you in killing him.”

Ibn ʿUmar said: The Prophet (ﷺ) set out with Ubayy ibn Kaʿb to go to the palm grove where Ibn Sayyad was. When he entered the grove, the Prophet began taking cover behind the palm trunks, trying to hear something from Ibn Sayyad before seeing him. Ibn Sayyad was lying on his bed, under a velvet covering, making a faint sound. Ibn Sayyad’s mother saw the Prophet (ﷺ) taking cover behind the palm trunks and said to Ibn Sayyad, “Saf!”—that was his name. Ibn Sayyad sprang up. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Had she left him, it would have become clear.”

Salim said: Ibn ʿUmar said: Then the Prophet (ﷺ) stood among the people, praised Allah as He deserves to be praised, and then mentioned the Dajjal. He said, “I warn you about him. There is no prophet who did not warn his people about him. Noah warned his people about him. But I will tell you something about him that no prophet told his people: You know that he is one-eyed, while Allah is not one-eyed.”

Mahmud narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzaq informed us: Maʿmar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from ʿAli ibn Husayn, from ʿAmr ibn ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan, from Usama ibn Zayd, who said: I asked, “Messenger of Allah, where will you stay tomorrow during your Hajj?” He said, “Has ʿAqil left us a house?” Then he said, “Tomorrow we will stay at the Khaif of Banu Kinana, al-Muhassab, where Quraysh pledged themselves to disbelief.” That was because Banu Kinana had allied with Quraysh against Banu Hashim, agreeing not to trade with them or shelter them. Al-Zuhri said: “Al-khaif is the valley.”

Ismaʿil narrated to us: He said: Malik told me, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from his father, that ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) appointed a freedman of his, named Hunayy, over the protected pasture. He said, “Hunayy, be considerate toward the Muslims and beware the supplication of the wronged, for the supplication of the wronged is answered. Admit the owner of a small herd of camels and the owner of a small flock of sheep. Keep away the livestock of Ibn ʿAwf and the livestock of Ibn ʿAffan, for if their livestock perish, they can return to their date palms and crops. But if the livestock of the owner of a small camel herd or the owner of a small sheep flock perish, he will come to me with his children and say, ‘Commander of the Believers!’ Would I then abandon them? May you be bereft of your father! Water and pasture are easier for me to provide than gold and silver. By Allah, they think that I have wronged them. This is their land; they fought for it in the pre-Islamic era and entered Islam while it was theirs. By Him in whose hand my soul is, were it not for the wealth I equip for use in Allah’s cause, I would not have reserved even a handspan of their land as protected pasture.”

Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from al-Aʿmash, from Abu Waʾil, from Hudhayfa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Write down for me those among the people who have declared Islam.” We wrote down for him one thousand five hundred men. We said, “Should we be afraid when we are one thousand five hundred?” Then we were put to such a trial that I saw a man praying alone in fear.

ʿAbdan narrated to us, from Abu Hamza, from al-Aʿmash, and we found them to be five hundred. Abu Muʿawiya said: “Between six hundred and seven hundred.”

Abu Nuʿaym narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from ʿAmr ibn Dinar, from Abu Maʿbad, from Ibn ʿAbbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “Messenger of Allah, I have been enlisted for such-and-such expedition, while my wife is going on Hajj.” He said, “Go back and perform Hajj with your wife.”

Abu al-Yaman narrated to us: Shuʿayb informed us, from al-Zuhri. (A second chain:) Mahmud ibn Ghailan narrated to me: ʿAbd al-Razzaq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Ibn al-Musayyab, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he said of a man who claimed to be Muslim, “This man is among the people of the Fire.” When battle came, the man fought fiercely and was wounded. It was said, “Messenger of Allah, the man you said was among the people of the Fire fought fiercely today and has died.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “To the Fire.” Some people nearly began to doubt. While they were in that state, it was said that he had not died, but had been severely wounded. When night came, he could not endure his wounds and killed himself. The Prophet (ﷺ) was informed of this and said, “Allah is greatest! I testify that I am Allah’s servant and Messenger.” Then he ordered Bilal to call out to the people: “No soul will enter Paradise except a Muslim, and Allah indeed supports this religion through a wicked man.”

Yaʿqub ibn Ibrahim narrated to us: Ibn ʿUlayya narrated to us, from Ayyub, from Humayd ibn Hilal, from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) delivered a sermon and said, “Zayd took the standard and was struck down. Then Jaʿfar took it and was struck down. Then ʿAbd Allah ibn Rawaha took it and was struck down. Then Khalid ibn al-Walid took it without being appointed, and victory was granted through him. I would not be pleased—or he said, they would not be pleased—if they were with us.” He said: His eyes were shedding tears.

Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us: Ibn Abi ʿAdi and Sahl ibn Yusuf narrated to us, from Saʿid, from Qatada, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (ﷺ) was approached by Riʿl, Dhakwan, ʿUsayya, and Banu Lihyan. They claimed that they had become Muslims and asked him for reinforcements against their people. The Prophet (ﷺ) sent them seventy men from the Ansar. Anas said: We used to call them “the reciters”; by day they gathered firewood, and by night they prayed. They set out with them until they reached Biʾr Maʿuna. They betrayed and killed them. For a month he made the supplication of qunut, praying against Riʿl, Dhakwan, and Banu Lihyan. Qatada said: Anas also narrated to us that they had recited among them a passage of the Qur’an: “Convey from us to our people that we have met our Lord, and He is pleased with us and has made us pleased.” Then that was lifted afterward.

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Rahim narrated to us: Rawh ibn ʿUbada narrated to us: Saʿid narrated to us, from Qatada, who said: Anas ibn Malik told us, from Abu Talha (may Allah be pleased with them both), from the Prophet (ﷺ), that whenever he prevailed over a people, he would stay in the open ground for three nights. Muʿadh and ʿAbd al-Aʿla corroborated it, from Saʿid, from Qatada, from Anas, from Abu Talha, from the Prophet (ﷺ).

Hudba ibn Khalid narrated to us: Hammam narrated to us, from Qatada, that Anas informed him: The Prophet (ﷺ) performed ʿumra from al-Jiʿrana, where he had distributed the spoils of Hunayn.

Ibn Numayr said: ʿUbayd Allah narrated to us, from Nafiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: One of his horses strayed, and the enemy seized it. The Muslims gained the upper hand over them, and it was returned to him during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). One of his slaves also fled and joined the Byzantines. The Muslims gained the upper hand over them, and Khalid ibn al-Walid returned the slave to him after the Prophet (ﷺ).

Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from ʿUbayd Allah, who said: Nafiʿ told me that a slave belonging to Ibn ʿUmar ran away and joined the Byzantines. Khalid ibn al-Walid gained control of him and returned him to ʿAbd Allah. A horse belonging to Ibn ʿUmar also bolted and joined the Byzantines. He gained control of it, and they returned it to ʿAbd Allah. Abu ʿAbd Allah said: “ʿAra is derived from al-ʿayr, meaning a wild donkey; that is, it ran away.”

Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us, from Musa ibn ʿUqba, from Nafiʿ, from Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: He was riding a horse on the day the Muslims encountered the enemy. The commander of the Muslims that day was Khalid ibn al-Walid, whom Abu Bakr had appointed. The enemy seized the horse, but when the enemy was defeated, Khalid returned Ibn ʿUmar’s horse to him.

ʿAmr ibn ʿAli narrated to us: Abu ʿAsim narrated to us: Hanzala ibn Abi Sufyan informed us: Saʿid ibn Minaʾ informed us, who said: I heard Jabir ibn ʿAbd Allah (may Allah be pleased with them both) say: I said, “Messenger of Allah, we have slaughtered a small animal of ours and ground a saʿ of barley. Come, you and a few others.” The Prophet (ﷺ) called out, “People of the Trench! Jabir has prepared a meal, so come along—welcome!”

Hibban ibn Musa informed us: ʿAbd Allah informed us, from Khalid ibn Saʿid, from his father, from Umm Khalid bint Khalid ibn Saʿid, who said: I came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) with my father, wearing a yellow shirt. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Sanah, sanah!” ʿAbd Allah said: In Abyssinian, it means “good.” She said: I went to play with the Seal of Prophethood, and my father rebuked me. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Leave her.” Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Wear it until it wears out and replace it; wear it until it wears out and replace it; wear it until it wears out and replace it.” ʿAbd Allah said: She lived on until [this was] mentioned.

Muhammad ibn Bashshar narrated to us: Ghundar narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ziyad, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), that al-Hasan ibn ʿAli took a date from the dates of charity and put it in his mouth. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him in Persian, “Kakh, kakh! Do you not know that we do not eat charity?”

Musaddad narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Abu Hayyan, who said: Abu Zurʿa narrated to me: Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated to me: The Prophet (ﷺ) stood among us and mentioned ghulul, emphasizing its gravity and the seriousness of the matter. He said, “Let me never find any one of you on the Day of Resurrection with a bleating sheep on his neck, saying, ‘Messenger of Allah, help me!’ and my reply being, ‘I can do nothing for you; I conveyed the message to you.’ Or with a neighing horse on his neck, saying, ‘Messenger of Allah, help me!’ and my reply being, ‘I can do nothing for you; I conveyed the message to you.’ Or with a bellowing camel on his neck, saying, ‘Messenger of Allah, help me!’ and my reply being, ‘I can do nothing for you; I conveyed the message to you.’ Or with silent wealth on his neck, saying, ‘Messenger of Allah, help me!’ and my reply being, ‘I can do nothing for you; I conveyed the message to you.’ Or with flapping patches on his neck, saying, ‘Messenger of Allah, help me!’ and my reply being, ‘I can do nothing for you; I conveyed the message to you.’” Ayyub also reported from Abu Hayyan: “A horse with neighing.”

ʿAli ibn ʿAbd Allah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from ʿAmr, from Salim ibn Abi al-Jaʿd, from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAmr, who said: A man called Kirkira was responsible for the Prophet’s belongings. He died, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “He is in the Fire.” They went to look at him and found a cloak that he had appropriated from the spoils. Abu ʿAbd Allah said: Ibn Salam said: “Karkara,” with an a-vowel on the first kaf; that is how it is vocalized.

Musa ibn Ismaʿil narrated to us: Abu ʿAwana narrated to us, from Saʿid ibn Masruq, from ʿAbaya ibn Rifaʿa, from his grandfather Rafiʿ, who said: We were with the Prophet (ﷺ) at Dhu al-Hulayfa. The people became hungry, and we obtained some camels and sheep. The Prophet (ﷺ) was at the rear of the people, but they hurried and set the pots over the fire. He ordered the pots to be overturned. Then he divided the animals, counting ten sheep as equal to one camel. One camel bolted. There were only a few horses among the people, so they pursued it until they were exhausted. A man aimed an arrow at it, and Allah restrained it. He said, “These animals can become as wild as wild beasts; if one of them runs away from you, deal with it in this way.” My grandfather said: “We hope—or fear—that we may meet the enemy tomorrow without knives. May we slaughter with reeds?” He said, “Whatever causes the blood to flow and over which Allah’s name is mentioned, eat it—but not a tooth or a nail. I will tell you about that: as for the tooth, it is a bone; as for the nail, it is the knife of the Abyssinians.”