Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Aisha said: “When Khaybar was conquered, we said, ‘Now we can eat our fill of dates!’”

Ibn Umar said: “We did not eat our fill until we conquered Khaybar.”

Abu Said al-Khudri and Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah appointed a man over Khaybar. He brought him high-quality dates called janib. The Messenger of Allah asked, “Are all the dates of Khaybar like this?” The man replied, “No, by Allah, Messenger of Allah. We exchange one sa of these for two sa of other dates, or two sa for three.” The Messenger of Allah said, “Do not do that. Sell the mixed dates for dirhams, then use the dirhams to buy janib.”

ʿAbd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad related from ʿAbd al-Majid, from Saʿid, that Abu Saʿid and Abu Hurayra told him that the Prophet sent a man from the Ansar, a brother of Banu ʿAdi, to Khaybar and appointed him over it. Another chain, from ʿAbd al-Majid through Abu Salih al-Samman from Abu Hurayra and Abu Saʿid, gives the same report.

Abdullah reported: “The Prophet granted the Jews of Khaybar its land on the condition that they work it and cultivate it, and that they receive half of its produce.”

Abu Hurayra reported: “When Khaybar was conquered, a sheep containing poison was given to the Messenger of Allah.”

Ibn Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah appointed Usama over a group of people, and they criticized his leadership. He said: “If you criticize his leadership, you have already criticized his father’s leadership before him. By Allah, he was worthy of command and was among the people most beloved to me; this one is among the people most beloved to me after him.”

Al-Bara reported: “When the Prophet performed the Umra in Dhu al-Qada, the people of Mecca refused to let him enter until he agreed with them that he would stay there for three days. When they wrote the document, they wrote, ‘This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has agreed to.’ They said, ‘We do not acknowledge this. If we knew you were the Messenger of Allah, we would not have prevented you from anything. Rather, you are Muhammad ibn Abdullah.’ He said, ‘I am the Messenger of Allah, and I am Muhammad ibn Abdullah.’ Then he told Ali, ‘Erase “the Messenger of Allah.”’ Ali said, ‘No, by Allah, I will never erase you.’ The Messenger of Allah took the document. He was not skilled in writing, and he wrote: ‘This is what Muhammad ibn Abdullah has agreed to: He will not bring weapons into Mecca except a sword in its sheath; no one from its people will leave with him if they wish to follow him; and none of his companions will be prevented from staying there if they wish.’ “When he entered Mecca and the agreed period had ended, they came to Ali and said, ‘Tell your companion to leave us; the period has ended.’ The Prophet left, and Hamza’s daughter followed him, calling, ‘Uncle! Uncle!’ Ali took her by the hand and said to Fatima, ‘Take your cousin’s daughter.’ Fatima took her in. Ali, Zayd, and Jaafar then disputed over her. Ali said, ‘I took her, and she is my cousin.’ Jaafar said, ‘She is my cousin, and her maternal aunt is my wife.’ Zayd said, ‘She is my brother’s daughter.’ The Prophet awarded her to her maternal aunt and said, ‘The maternal aunt is like the mother.’ He told Ali, ‘You are of me, and I am of you’; he told Jaafar, ‘You resemble me in appearance and character’; and he told Zayd, ‘You are our brother and our ally.’ Ali asked, ‘Will you not marry Hamza’s daughter?’ The Prophet replied, ‘She is the daughter of my brother through nursing.’”

Ibn Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah set out to perform Umra, but the Quraysh polytheists blocked him from reaching the House. At al-Hudaybiya, he sacrificed his offering and shaved his head. He made a treaty with them that he would perform Umra the following year, carry no weapons against them except swords, and stay there only as long as they allowed. The following year he performed Umra and entered Mecca according to the treaty. After he had stayed there for three days, they ordered him to leave, and he departed.

Mujahid said: “Urwa and I entered the mosque and found Abdullah ibn Umar sitting beside Aisha’s room. He was asked, ‘How many Umras did the Prophet perform?’ He replied, ‘Four; one of them was in Rajab.’ Then we heard Aisha using her toothstick. Urwa said, ‘Mother of the Believers, do you hear what Abu Abd al-Rahman is saying? He says the Prophet performed four Umras, one of them in Rajab.’ She said, ‘The Prophet never performed an Umra without him witnessing it, and he never performed an Umra in Rajab.’”

Ibn Abi Awfa said: “When the Messenger of Allah performed Umra, we shielded him from the young men of the polytheists and their people, lest they harm him.”

Ibn Abbas reported: “When the Messenger of Allah and his Companions arrived, the polytheists said, ‘A delegation is coming to you, weakened by the fever of Yathrib.’ The Prophet instructed them to perform ramal—brisk walking—for the first three circuits and to walk between the two corners. Nothing kept him from ordering them to perform ramal for all the circuits except consideration for them. “Ibn Salama added, through Ayyub, from Saʿid ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas: ‘When the Prophet arrived in the year of the truce, he said, “Perform ramal so that the polytheists may see your strength.” The polytheists were on the side of Qaiqaʿan.’”

Ibn Abbas said: “The Prophet briskly walked around the House and between al-Safa and al-Marwa only to show the polytheists his strength.”

Ibn Abbas said: “The Prophet married Maymuna while in the state of ihram, consummated the marriage while not in ihram, and she died at Sarif.”

Ibn Ishaq added: Ibn Abi Najih and Aban ibn Salih related from Ata and Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas, who said: “The Prophet married Maymuna during the make-up Umra.”

Nafi reported that Ibn Umar told him: “That day, I stood beside Jaafar after he had been killed and counted fifty wounds from spear thrusts and blows on him. None was on his rear”—that is, on his back.

Abdullah ibn Umar said: “During the expedition of Muta, the Messenger of Allah appointed Zayd ibn Haritha as commander and said, ‘If Zayd is killed, then Jaafar; if Jaafar is killed, then Abdullah ibn Rawaha.’” Ibn Umar added: “I was with them in that expedition. We searched for Jaafar ibn Abi Talib and found him among the slain. We found on his body more than ninety wounds from spear thrusts and projectiles.”

Anas reported that the Prophet announced the deaths of Zayd, Jaafar, and Ibn Rawaha to the people before news of them had reached. He said: “Zayd took the banner and was struck down. Then Jaafar took it and was struck down. Then Ibn Rawaha took it and was struck down”—and his eyes were shedding tears. “Then a sword among the swords of Allah took the banner, and Allah granted them victory.”

Amra said that she heard Aisha say: “When news came of the deaths of Zayd ibn Haritha, Jaafar ibn Abi Talib, and Abdullah ibn Rawaha, the Messenger of Allah sat with grief visible on his face.” Aisha added: “I was watching through a crack in the door. A man came and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, the women of Jaafar are weeping.’ He mentioned their crying, and the Prophet told him to stop them. The man went away and returned, saying, ‘I told them to stop, but they did not obey me.’ The Prophet again ordered him to go. He returned and said, ‘By Allah, they have overpowered us.’ Aisha said that the Messenger of Allah then told him, ‘Go and put dust in their mouths.’ “Aisha said: ‘May Allah rub your nose in dust! By Allah, you have not done what you were told, and you have not spared the Messenger of Allah trouble.’”

Amir reported that whenever Ibn Umar greeted Jaafar’s son, he would say: “Peace be upon you, son of the one with two wings.”