Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Musa ibn Isma‘il related to us: Wuhayb related to us: Amr ibn Yahya related to us, from Abbad ibn Tamim, from Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Asim, who said: When Allah granted His Messenger the spoils at Hunayn, he distributed them among those whose hearts were being reconciled, and gave the Ansar nothing. They seemed hurt that they had not received what the others had received. He addressed them, saying, “O assembly of the Ansar, did I not find you astray, and Allah guide you through me? You were divided, and Allah united you through me; you were poor, and Allah enriched you through me?” Whenever he said something, they replied, “Allah and His Messenger are most generous.” He said, “Why do you not answer the Messenger of Allah?” Each time he said something, they replied, “Allah and His Messenger are most generous.” He said, “If you wished, you could say: ‘You came to us in such-and-such a state.’ Would you be content for the people to leave with sheep and camels while you return to your homes with the Messenger of Allah? Were it not for the emigration, I would be one of the Ansar. If people took a valley or mountain pass, I would take the valley and mountain pass of the Ansar. The Ansar are the inner garment, while the people are the outer garment. You will encounter favoritism after me, so be patient until you meet me at the Pond.”

Abdullah ibn Muhammad related to me: Hisham related to us: Ma‘mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) informed me that some Ansar spoke when Allah granted His Messenger the property of Hawazin. The Prophet (ﷺ) began giving some men one hundred camels each. They said, “May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah; he gives to Quraysh and leaves us, while our swords are still dripping with their blood.” Anas said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was told what they had said, and he sent for the Ansar and gathered them in a leather tent, inviting no one else. When they had gathered, the Prophet (ﷺ) stood and said, “What is this report that has reached me about you?” The learned men among the Ansar said, “Messenger of Allah, our leaders said nothing. Rather, some younger people among us said, ‘May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah; he gives to Quraysh and leaves us, while our swords still drip with their blood.’” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “I am giving to men who are newly removed from disbelief, to win their hearts. Are you not content that the people leave with wealth while you return to your homes with the Prophet (ﷺ)? By Allah, what you return with is better than what they return with.” They said, “Messenger of Allah, we are content.” He said to them, “You will encounter severe favoritism; be patient until you meet Allah and His Messenger, for I will be at the Pond.” Anas added: They did not remain patient.

Sulayman ibn Harb related to us: Shu‘ba related to us, from Abu al-Tayyah, from Anas, who said: On the day of the Conquest of Mecca, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) distributed spoils among Quraysh, and the Ansar became angry. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Are you not content that the people take the worldly goods while you return with the Messenger of Allah?” They said, “Indeed.” He said, “If the people took a valley or mountain pass, I would take the valley or mountain pass of the Ansar.”

Ali ibn Abdullah related to us: Azhar related to us, from Ibn Awn: Hisham ibn Zayd ibn Anas informed us, from Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: On the day of Hunayn, Hawazin met the Prophet (ﷺ), who had ten thousand men with him, as well as the freedmen of the Conquest. They turned and fled. He called, “O assembly of the Ansar!” They replied, “At your service, Messenger of Allah; we are before you.” The Prophet (ﷺ) dismounted and said, “I am Allah’s servant and Messenger.” The polytheists were defeated. He gave spoils to the freedmen and the Emigrants, but gave the Ansar nothing. They spoke about it, so he summoned them and brought them into a tent. He said, “Are you not content that the people leave with sheep and camels while you leave with the Messenger of Allah?” The Prophet (ﷺ) added, “If the people took a valley and the Ansar took a mountain pass, I would choose the mountain pass of the Ansar.”

Muhammad ibn Bashshar related to me: Ghundar related to us: Shu‘ba said: I heard Qatada, from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) gathered some of the Ansar and said, “Quraysh have only recently left the state of pre-Islamic ignorance and hardship, and I wanted to console them and win their hearts. Are you not content that the people return with worldly goods while you return to your homes with the Messenger of Allah?” They said, “Indeed.” He said, “If the people took a valley and the Ansar took a mountain pass, I would take the valley of the Ansar or the mountain pass of the Ansar.”

Qabisa related to us: Sufyan related to us, from al-A‘mash, from Abu Wa’il, from Abdullah, who said: When the Prophet (ﷺ) distributed the spoils of Hunayn, a man from the Ansar said, “He did not seek Allah’s pleasure by this distribution.” I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and told him. His expression changed, then he said, “May Allah have mercy on Moses; he was hurt with worse than this, yet he was patient.”

Qutayba ibn Sa‘id related to us: Jarir related to us, from Mansur, from Abu Wa’il, from Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: On the day of Hunayn, the Prophet (ﷺ) favored some people in the distribution. He gave al-Aqra‘ one hundred camels, gave Uyaina the same, and gave other people as well. A man said, “Allah’s pleasure was not intended by this distribution.” I said, “I will certainly tell the Prophet (ﷺ).” He said, “May Allah have mercy on Moses. He was hurt with worse than this, yet he was patient.”

Muhammad ibn Bashshar related to us: Muadh ibn Muadh related to us: Ibn Awn related to us, from Hisham ibn Zayd ibn Anas ibn Malik, from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: On the day of Hunayn, Hawazin, Ghatafan, and others came with their livestock and families. The Prophet (ﷺ) had ten thousand men with him, along with some of the freedmen of the Conquest. They turned away, leaving him alone. That day he called out twice, distinctly. He turned to his right and said, “O assembly of the Ansar!” They replied, “At your service, Messenger of Allah; rejoice, we are with you!” Then he turned to his left and said, “O assembly of the Ansar!” They replied, “At your service, Messenger of Allah; rejoice, we are with you!” He was riding a white mule; then he dismounted and said, “I am Allah’s servant and Messenger.” The polytheists were defeated, and he gained much booty that day. He distributed it among the Emigrants and the freedmen of the Conquest, giving the Ansar nothing. The Ansar said, “When things are difficult, we are called, but the spoils are given to others.” This reached him, so he gathered them in a tent and said, “O assembly of the Ansar, what is this report that has reached me about you?” They fell silent. He said, “O assembly of the Ansar, are you not content that the people leave with worldly goods while you return to your homes with the Messenger of Allah, keeping him with you?” They said, “Indeed.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “If the people took a valley and the Ansar a mountain pass, I would take the mountain pass of the Ansar.” Hisham said, “Abu Hamza [Anas], were you present then?” He replied, “How could I have been absent from it?”

Abu al-Nu‘man related to us: Hammad related to us: Ayyub related to us, from Nafi‘, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent a detachment toward Najd, and I was with it. Our allotted share amounted to twelve camels each, and we were given one extra camel each, so we returned with thirteen camels each.

Mahmud related to me: Abd al-Razzaq related to us: Ma‘mar informed us. Nu‘aym also related to me: Abdullah informed us: Ma‘mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Salim, from his father, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Banu Jadhima. He invited them to Islam, but they could not properly say, “We have submitted”; instead they kept saying, “We have changed our religion.” Khalid began killing some of them and taking others captive, and he gave each of us a captive. One day Khalid ordered each of us to kill his captive. I said, “By Allah, I will not kill my captive, and none of my companions will kill his captive.” We continued until we came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and told him about it. The Prophet (ﷺ) raised his hands and said twice, “O Allah, I disavow before You what Khalid has done.”

Musaddad related to us: Abd al-Wahid related to us: al-A‘mash said: Sa‘d ibn Ubayda related to me, from Abu Abd al-Rahman, from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent out a detachment, appointed a man from the Ansar over them, and ordered them to obey him. The man became angry and said, “Did the Prophet (ﷺ) not order you to obey me?” They said, “Yes.” He said, “Then gather firewood for me.” They gathered it. He said, “Light a fire.” They lit it, and he said, “Enter it.” They were about to do so, and some began holding others back, saying, “We fled to the Prophet (ﷺ) from the Fire.” They continued until the fire went out and the commander’s anger subsided. When this reached the Prophet (ﷺ), he said, “Had they entered it, they would not have come out of it until the Day of Resurrection. Obedience is only in what is right.”

Musa related to us: Abu Awana related to us: Abd al-Malik related to us, from Abu Burda, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent Abu Musa and Muadh ibn Jabal to Yemen, appointing each over one of its two districts. He said, “Make things easy and do not make them difficult; give good tidings and do not drive people away.” Each went to his post. When either traveled near the other’s district, he would visit and greet his companion. Muadh traveled through his district near Abu Musa’s and rode his mule to him. Abu Musa was sitting with people gathered around him, and a man stood beside him with his hands bound to his neck. Muadh said, “Abdullah ibn Qays, what is this?” He replied, “This man renounced Islam after having accepted it.” Muadh said, “I will not dismount until he is killed.” Abu Musa said, “He was brought here for that purpose, so dismount.” Muadh said, “I will not dismount until he is killed.” Abu Musa ordered that he be killed, and he was killed. Then Muadh dismounted and said, “Abdullah, how do you recite the Quran?” Abu Musa replied, “I recite it in portions, at intervals. How do you recite it, Muadh?” Muadh said, “I sleep during the first part of the night, then rise after I have completed my share of sleep and recite what Allah has allotted me. I hope for reward for my sleep just as I hope for reward for my night prayer.”

Ishaq related to me: Khalid related to us, from al-Shaybani, from Sa‘id ibn Abi Burda, from his father, from Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent him to Yemen and asked him about drinks made there. He asked, “What are they?” Abu Musa replied, “Bit‘ and mizr.” I asked Abu Burda what bit‘ was, and he said, “Honey wine,” while mizr is “barley wine.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Every intoxicant is forbidden.” Jarir and Abd al-Wahid also narrated it from al-Shaybani, from Abu Burda.

Muslim related to us: Shu‘ba related to us: Sa‘id ibn Abi Burda related to us, from his father, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent his grandfather Abu Musa and Muadh to Yemen and said, “Make things easy and do not make them difficult; give good tidings and do not drive people away; cooperate with each other.” Abu Musa said, “Prophet of Allah, in our land there is a barley drink called mizr and a honey drink called bit‘.” He said, “Every intoxicant is forbidden.” They set out, and Muadh asked Abu Musa, “How do you recite the Quran?” He replied, “Standing, sitting, and while riding; I recite it in portions at intervals.” Muadh said, “As for me, I sleep and then rise, hoping for reward for my sleep just as I hope for reward for my rising.” He pitched a tent, and they began visiting one another. Muadh visited Abu Musa and saw a man in restraints. He asked, “What is this?” Abu Musa said, “A Jew who accepted Islam and then apostatized.” Muadh said, “I will surely strike his neck.” Al-Aqadi and Wahb corroborated this from Shu‘ba. Wakī‘, al-Nadr, and Abu Dawud narrated it from Shu‘ba, from Sa‘id, from his father, from his grandfather, from the Prophet (ﷺ). Jarir ibn Abd al-Hamid narrated it from al-Shaybani, from Abu Burda.

Abbas ibn al-Walid related to me: Abd al-Wahid related to us, from Ayyub ibn Aidh: Qays ibn Muslim related to us, saying: I heard Tariq ibn Shihab say: Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) related to me, saying: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me to the land of my people. I came while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was encamped at al-Abtah. He said, “Have you performed Hajj, Abdullah ibn Qays?” I said, “Yes, Messenger of Allah.” He asked, “How did you declare it?” I replied, “I said, ‘At Your service,’ declaring it as you had declared yours.” He asked, “Did you bring a sacrificial animal with you?” I said, “No.” He said, “Then circumambulate the House, perform sa‘i between al-Safa and al-Marwa, and exit ihram.” I did so, until a woman from Banu Qays combed my hair. We remained in that practice until Umar was appointed caliph.

Hibban related to me: Abdullah informed us, from Zakariyya ibn Ishaq, from Yahya ibn Abdullah ibn Sayfi, from Abu Ma‘bad, the client of Ibn Abbas, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to Muadh ibn Jabal when he sent him to Yemen: “You will come to a people from among the People of the Book. When you reach them, invite them to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has prescribed for them five prayers each day and night. If they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has prescribed charity for them, to be taken from their rich and returned to their poor. If they obey you in that, beware of taking the finest of their property, and fear the supplication of the wronged, for there is no veil between it and Allah.” Abu Abdullah said: “ṭawwa‘at” means “obeyed”; “ṭā‘at” and “aṭā‘at” are linguistic variants. One may say “ṭi‘tu,” “ṭu‘tu,” or “aṭa‘tu.”

Sulayman ibn Harb related to us: Shu‘ba related to us, from Habib ibn Abi Thabit, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, from Amr ibn Maymun, that Muadh (may Allah be pleased with him), when he arrived in Yemen, led them in the dawn prayer and recited, “Allah took Abraham as an intimate friend.” A man among the people said, “How delighted Abraham’s mother must be!” Muadh added, from Shu‘ba, from Habib, from Sa‘id, from Amr, that the Prophet (ﷺ) sent Muadh to Yemen. Muadh recited Surat al-Nisa in the dawn prayer, and when he recited, “Allah took Abraham as an intimate friend,” a man behind him said, “How delighted Abraham’s mother must be!”

Ahmad ibn Uthman related to me: Shurayh ibn Maslama related to us: Ibrahim ibn Yusuf ibn Ishaq ibn Abi Ishaq related to us: My father related to me, from Abu Ishaq, who said: I heard al-Bara (may Allah be pleased with him) say: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us with Khalid ibn al-Walid to Yemen. Then he sent Ali after that in Khalid’s place and said, “Tell Khalid’s companions: whoever wishes to remain with you may remain, and whoever wishes may go on.” I was among those who remained with him, and I acquired several uqiyyas [units of weight] of spoils.

Muhammad ibn Bashshar related to me: Rawh ibn Ubada related to us: Ali ibn Suwayd ibn Manjuf related to us, from Abdullah ibn Burayda, from his father (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent Ali to Khalid to collect the fifth. I disliked Ali, and he had taken a bath. I said to Khalid, “Do you not see this man?” When we came to the Prophet (ﷺ), I mentioned it to him. He said, “Burayda, do you dislike Ali?” I said, “Yes.” He said, “Do not dislike him, for he has a greater claim in the fifth than that.”

Qutayba related to us: Abd al-Wahid related to us, from Umara ibn al-Qa‘qa ibn Shubruma: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Nu‘m related to us, saying: I heard Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri say: Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) sent the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) a piece of gold from Yemen, still unrefined from its earth, inside a tanned leather pouch. He divided it among four men: Uyaina ibn Badr, al-Aqra ibn Habis, Zayd al-Khayl, and the fourth was either Alqama or Amir ibn al-Tufayl. One of his Companions said, “We are more entitled to this than these men.” This reached the Prophet (ﷺ), and he said, “Do you not trust me, when I am the trusted one of the One in heaven, and news from heaven comes to me morning and evening?” A man stood up, with sunken eyes, prominent cheekbones, a projecting forehead, a thick beard, a shaved head, and his waist-wrapper hitched up. He said, “Messenger of Allah, fear Allah.” He said, “Woe to you! Am I not the person on earth most entitled to fear Allah?” The man then turned away. Khalid ibn al-Walid said, “Messenger of Allah, shall I strike his neck?” He replied, “No; perhaps he prays.” Khalid said, “How many people pray yet say with their tongues what is not in their hearts!” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “I have not been ordered to probe people’s hearts or split open their bellies.” Then he looked at the man as he turned away and said, “From this man’s descendants will come a people who recite Allah’s Book fluently, but it does not pass beyond their throats. They will leave the religion as an arrow passes through its prey.” I think he said, “If I were to meet them, I would kill them as Thamud were killed.”