Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Amr ibn Ali related to me: Yahya ibn Sa‘id related to us: Ibn Jurayj related to us, saying: Ata related to me, from Ibn Abbas, who said: “When he circumambulates the House, he has exited ihram.” I asked, “On what basis?” Ata said: Ibn Abbas cited the words of Allah, “Then their place of sacrifice is at the Ancient House,” and the Prophet’s instruction to his Companions to exit ihram during the Farewell Pilgrimage. I said, “That was only after the standing at Arafat.” Ata replied, “Ibn Abbas held that it was permitted both before and after.”

Bayan related to me: al-Nadr related to us: Shu‘ba informed us, from Qays, who said: I heard Tariq, from Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I came to the Prophet (ﷺ) at al-Batha, and he said, “Have you performed Hajj?” I said, “Yes.” He asked, “How did you enter ihram?” I replied, “At your service, entering it as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did.” He said, “Circumambulate the House and go between al-Safa and al-Marwa, then exit ihram.” I circumambulated the House and went between al-Safa and al-Marwa, then went to a woman from Qays, who picked lice from my head.

Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir related to me: Anas ibn Iyad informed us: Musa ibn Uqba related to us, from Nafi‘, that Ibn Umar informed him that Hafsa (may Allah be pleased with her), the Prophet’s wife, told him that during the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage the Prophet (ﷺ) ordered his wives to exit ihram. Hafsa said, “What is keeping you from exiting?” He replied, “I have bound my hair and garlanded my sacrificial animal, so I will not exit ihram until I sacrifice it.”

Abu al-Yaman said: Shu‘ayb related to me, from al-Zuhri. Muhammad ibn Yusuf said: al-Awza‘i related to us, saying: Ibn Shihab informed me, from Sulayman ibn Yasar, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), that a woman from Khath‘am asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for a ruling during the Farewell Pilgrimage. Al-Fadl ibn Abbas was riding behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). She said, “Messenger of Allah, Allah’s obligation upon His servants has become due on my elderly father, who cannot sit upright on a riding animal. Will it fulfill his duty if I perform Hajj on his behalf?” He said, “Yes.”

Muhammad related to me: Surayj ibn al-Nu‘man related to us: Fulayh related to us, from Nafi‘, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: In the year of the Conquest, the Prophet (ﷺ) arrived with Usama riding behind him on al-Qaswa. Bilal and Uthman ibn Talha were with him. When he made his camel kneel beside the House, he said to Uthman, “Bring us the key.” Uthman brought it and opened the door for him. The Prophet (ﷺ), Usama, Bilal, and Uthman entered, then closed the door behind them. He remained inside for a long part of the day, then came out. People rushed to enter, but I got there before them and found Bilal standing behind the door. I asked him, “Where did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) pray?” He said, “He prayed between those two front pillars.” The House had six pillars in two rows. He prayed between the two pillars in the front row, with the door of the House behind him, facing the wall opposite the person entering. Ibn Umar said: I forgot to ask him how many rak‘as he prayed. There was a red marble slab at the place where he prayed.

Abu al-Yaman informed us: Shu‘ayb informed us, from al-Zuhri: Urwa ibn al-Zubayr and Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Rahman related to me that Aisha, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), told them that Safiyya bint Huyayy, the Prophet’s wife, menstruated during the Farewell Pilgrimage. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Will she hold us back?” I said, “She has completed the central rite, Messenger of Allah, and circumambulated the House.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Then let her depart.”

Yahya ibn Sulayman related to us, saying: Ibn Wahb informed me, saying: Umar ibn Muhammad related to me that his father told him, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: We were discussing the Farewell Pilgrimage while the Prophet (ﷺ) was among us, but we did not know what the Farewell Pilgrimage meant. He praised Allah and extolled Him, then spoke at length about the Messiah al-Dajjal and said, “Allah sent no prophet without his warning his community about him. Noah warned his people, as did the prophets after him. He will appear among you. If anything about him is unclear to you, then know that your Lord is not unclear to you”—he repeated this three times—“Your Lord is not one-eyed, whereas he is blind in his right eye, as if his eye were a floating grape.” “Know that Allah has made your lives and property sacred to one another, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this town of yours, in this month of yours. Have I conveyed the message?” They said, “Yes.” He said, “O Allah, bear witness,” three times. “Woe to you”—or, “May you be spared!”—“Take care: do not turn back after me as disbelievers, striking one another’s necks.”

Amr ibn Khalid related to us: Zuhayr related to us: Abu Ishaq related to us, saying: Zayd ibn Arqam related to me that the Prophet (ﷺ) went on nineteen military expeditions and performed one Hajj after his emigration. He performed no Hajj after that; it was the Farewell Pilgrimage. Abu Ishaq said: And another one in Mecca.

Hafs ibn Umar related to us: Shu‘ba related to us, from Ali ibn Mudrik, from Abu Zur‘a ibn Amr ibn Jarir, from Jarir, that during the Farewell Pilgrimage the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, “Quiet the people and have them listen.” Then he said, “Do not turn back after me as disbelievers, striking one another’s necks.”

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna related to me: Abd al-Wahhab related to us: Ayyub related to us, from Muhammad, from Ibn Abi Bakra, from Abu Bakra, from the Prophet (ﷺ), who said: “Time has come full circle to its state on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year has twelve months, four of them sacred: three consecutive months—Dhu al-Qi‘da, Dhu al-Hijja, and al-Muharram—and Rajab of Mudar, which lies between Jumada and Sha‘ban.” He asked, “Which month is this?” We said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He remained silent until we thought he would call it by another name. He said, “Is it not Dhu al-Hijja?” We said, “Yes.” He asked, “Which town is this?” We said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He remained silent until we thought he would call it by another name. He said, “Is it not al-Balda?” We said, “Yes.” He asked, “Which day is this?” We said, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He remained silent until we thought he would call it by another name. He said, “Is it not the Day of Sacrifice?” We said, “Yes.” He said, “Your blood and property—and Muhammad thinks he also said your honor—are sacred to one another, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this town of yours, in this month of yours. You will meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds. Take care: do not turn back after me misguided, striking one another’s necks. Let those present convey this to those absent; perhaps some to whom it is conveyed will understand it better than some who heard it.” Muhammad, whenever he mentioned this, would say, “Muhammad spoke the truth, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.” Then he said twice, “Have I conveyed?”

Muhammad ibn Yusuf related to us: Sufyan al-Thawri related to us, from Qays ibn Muslim, from Tariq ibn Shihab, that some Jews said, “If this verse had been revealed among us, we would have taken that day as a festival.” Umar asked, “Which verse?” They said, “Today I have perfected your religion for you and completed My favor upon you.” Umar said, “I know where it was revealed: it was revealed while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was standing at Arafat.”

Abdullah ibn Maslama related to us, from Malik, from Abu al-Aswad Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Nawfal, from Urwa, from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: We set out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Some of us entered ihram for Umra, some for Hajj, and some for Hajj and Umra together. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) entered ihram for Hajj. Those who entered ihram for Hajj, or combined Hajj and Umra, did not exit ihram until the Day of Sacrifice. Abdullah ibn Yusuf related to us: Malik informed us with the same report, adding: “with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the Farewell Pilgrimage.” Isma‘il related to us: Malik related the same report.

Ahmad ibn Yunus related to us: Ibrahim—meaning Ibn Sa‘d—related to us: Ibn Shihab related to us, from Amir ibn Sa‘d, from his father, who said: During the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet (ﷺ) visited me when I was ill and near death. I said, “Messenger of Allah, you see how severe my illness is. I have wealth, and I have only one daughter to inherit from me. May I give two thirds of my wealth in charity?” He said, “No.” I asked, “Half?” He said, “No.” I asked, “Then one third?” He said, “One third, and one third is a lot. It is better for you to leave your heirs wealthy than to leave them dependent, begging from people. Whatever you spend seeking Allah’s countenance will be rewarded, even a morsel you place in your wife’s mouth.” I said, “Messenger of Allah, will I be left behind after my companions?” He said, “You will not be left behind and do an act seeking Allah’s countenance without thereby increasing in rank and elevation. Perhaps you will live on, so that some people benefit through you and others are harmed through you. O Allah, complete the emigration of my Companions, and do not turn them back on their heels.” But the wretched Sa‘d ibn Khawla—the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) grieved for him because he died in Mecca.

Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir related to me: Abu Damra related to us: Musa ibn Uqba related to us, from Nafi‘, that Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) informed them that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) shaved his head during the Farewell Pilgrimage.

Ubaydullah ibn Sa‘id related to us: Muhammad ibn Bakr related to us: Ibn Jurayj related to us: Musa ibn Uqba informed me, from Nafi‘, that Ibn Umar informed him that during the Farewell Pilgrimage the Prophet (ﷺ) and some of his Companions shaved their heads, while some of them shortened their hair.

Yahya ibn Qaza‘a related to us: Malik related to us, from Ibn Shihab. Al-Layth said: Yunus related to me, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah related to me that Abdullah ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) informed him: I came riding a donkey while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was standing at Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage, leading the people in prayer. The donkey passed in front of part of a row. Then I dismounted and joined the people in the row.

Musaddad related to us: Yahya related to us, from Hisham, who said: My father related to me, saying: Usama was asked, while I was present, about the Prophet’s pace during his Hajj. He replied, “A measured, easy pace; when he found open space, he went faster.”

Abdullah ibn Maslama related to us, from Malik, from Yahya ibn Sa‘id, from Adi ibn Thabit, from Abdullah ibn Yazid al-Khatmi, that Abu Ayyub informed him that he prayed Maghrib and Isha together with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the Farewell Pilgrimage.

Muhammad ibn al-Ala related to me: Abu Usama related to us, from Burayd ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Burda, from Abu Burda, from Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: My companions sent me to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to ask him for mounts for them while they were with him in the Army of Hardship—the expedition of Tabuk. I said, “Prophet of Allah, my companions sent me to ask you to provide mounts for them.” He said, “By Allah, I will not provide you with anything to ride.” I came upon him while he was angry, without realizing it. I returned saddened by the Prophet’s refusal and afraid that he was displeased with me. I went back to my companions and told them what the Prophet (ﷺ) had said. Only a short while passed before I heard Bilal calling, “Abdullah ibn Qays!” I answered him. He said, “Respond to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ); he is calling you.” When I came to him, he said, “Take these two pairs—and these two pairs, making six camels, which he had just bought from Sa‘d—and go to your companions. Tell them, ‘Allah’”—or he said, “the Messenger of Allah”—“will provide you with these; ride them.” I went to my companions with them and said, “The Prophet (ﷺ) will provide you with these to ride. But, by Allah, I will not leave you until some of you come with me to people who heard the Messenger of Allah’s words. Do not think I have told you something the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did not say.” They replied, “We believe you, and we will do as you wish.” Abu Musa went with some of them until they reached those who had heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) first refuse them and later provide for them. They told them the same as Abu Musa had.

Musaddad related to us: Yahya related to us, from Shu‘ba, from al-Hakam, from Mus‘ab ibn Sa‘d, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) set out for Tabuk and appointed Ali as his deputy. Ali said, “Are you leaving me behind among the children and women?” He replied, “Are you not content to be to me as Aaron was to Moses, except that there is no prophet after me?” Abu Dawud said: Shu‘ba related to us, from al-Hakam, who said: I heard Mus‘ab.