Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Anas ibn Malik reported that on the day of the Conquest the Prophet entered Mecca wearing a helmet. When he removed it, a man came and said, “Ibn Khatal is clinging to the curtains of the Kaaba.” The Prophet said, “Kill him.” Malik added: “As we understand it—and Allah knows best—the Prophet was not in ihram that day.”

Abdullah reported: “When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the Conquest, there were three hundred and sixty idols around the House. He began striking them with a stick in his hand, saying, ‘The truth has come and falsehood has vanished. The truth has come; falsehood can neither begin nor return.’”

Ibn Abbas reported that when the Messenger of Allah arrived in Mecca, he refused to enter the House while idols were inside. He ordered them removed. An image of Abraham and Ishmael was brought out, with divining arrows in their hands. The Prophet said, “May Allah condemn them! They knew very well that the two of them never used these arrows to draw lots.” Then he entered the House, declared Allah’s greatness in its different parts, and came out without praying inside it. Maʿmar transmitted it similarly from Ayyub. Wuhayb said: Ayyub related to us, from Ikrima, from the Prophet.

Al-Layth said that Yunus related from Nafi, from Abdullah ibn Umar: “On the day of the Conquest, the Messenger of Allah came from the upper part of Mecca riding his mount, with Usama ibn Zayd behind him. Bilal and Uthman ibn Talha, one of the custodians of the Kaaba, were with him. When he made his mount kneel in the mosque, he told Uthman to bring the key to the House. The Messenger of Allah entered with Usama, Bilal, and Uthman, stayed inside for a long part of the day, then came out. The people rushed forward, and Abdullah ibn Umar was the first to enter. He found Bilal standing behind the door and asked where the Messenger of Allah had prayed. Bilal pointed out the place where he had prayed. Abdullah said, ‘I forgot to ask him how many prostrations the Messenger of Allah performed.’”

Aisha reported that in the year of the Conquest the Prophet entered Mecca by Kada, in its upper part. Abu Usama and Wuhayb also transmitted the place name as Kada.

Hisham’s father reported: “In the year of the Conquest, the Prophet entered Mecca from its upper part, by way of Kada.”

Ibn Abi Layla reported: “No one informed us of having seen the Prophet pray the forenoon prayer except Umm Hani. She said that on the day of the Conquest he bathed in her house, then prayed eight rakahs. She added: ‘I never saw him perform a prayer lighter than that one, yet he completed its bowing and prostrations.’”

Aisha reported that the Prophet used to say while bowing and prostrating: “Glory be to You, O Allah, our Lord, and praise be to You. O Allah, forgive me.”

Ibn Abbas said: “Umar used to admit me to gatherings with the senior veterans of Badr. Some of them said, ‘Why do you bring this young man in with us when we have sons his age?’ Umar replied, ‘You know who he is.’ One day he summoned them and summoned me with them. I thought he had called me that day only to show them what I knew. He asked, ‘What do you say about: “When the help of Allah and the conquest come, and you see people entering the religion of Allah in crowds…” until the end of the surah?’ “Some said, ‘We have been commanded to praise Allah and seek His forgiveness when we are granted victory and conquest.’ Others said, ‘We do not know’—or, according to another wording, some said nothing. Umar then asked me, ‘Do you say the same?’ I said, ‘No.’ He asked, ‘Then what do you say?’ I replied, ‘It foretells the Messenger of Allah’s appointed end, which Allah had made known to him: “When the help of Allah and the conquest come”—that is, the conquest of Mecca—that is a sign that your appointed end is near. “Then glorify your Lord with praise and seek His forgiveness; indeed, He is ever accepting of repentance.”’ Umar said, ‘I know of it no more than what you know.’”

Abu Shurayh al-Adawi said to Amr ibn Said, as he was dispatching troops to Mecca: “Commander, allow me to tell you something the Messenger of Allah said on the day after the Conquest. My ears heard it, my heart retained it, and my eyes saw him as he spoke. He praised Allah, then said: ‘Allah made Mecca a sanctuary; the people did not make it so. It is not lawful for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood there or cut its trees. If anyone claims an exemption to fight there because the Messenger of Allah fought there, tell him: Allah permitted His Messenger, but did not permit you. He permitted me there for only an hour of a day; its sanctity has now returned as it was yesterday. Let those present convey this to those absent.’” Abu Shurayh was asked what Amr had replied. He said: “Amr told me, ‘I know that better than you, Abu Shurayh. The sanctuary does not shelter a wrongdoer, someone fleeing after shedding blood, or someone fleeing after committing a crime.’”

Jabir ibn Abdullah reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah say in Mecca, during the year of the Conquest: “Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of wine.”

Anas reported: “We stayed with the Prophet for ten days, shortening the prayers.” The report is transmitted through Abu Nuaym from Sufyan and through Qabisa from Sufyan.

Ibn Abbas reported: “The Prophet stayed in Mecca for nineteen days, praying two rakahs each time.”

Ibn Abbas said: “We stayed with the Prophet on a journey for nineteen days, shortening the prayers.” Ibn Abbas added: “We shorten the prayers when our stay is nineteen days or fewer; if we stay longer, we complete them.”

Al-Layth said: Yunus related to me from Ibn Shihab, who informed me about Abdullah ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Suʿayr, whose face the Prophet had wiped in the year of the Conquest.

Al-Zuhri said: “Sunayn Abu Jamila informed us while we were with Ibn al-Musayyab. Abu Jamila claimed that he had met the Prophet and gone out with him in the year of the Conquest.”

Amr ibn Salama said: “Abu Qilaba said to me, ‘Why do you not meet him and ask him?’ I met him and asked, and he said: ‘We lived at a watering place frequented by people. Caravans used to pass us, and we would ask them, “What is happening with the people? What is happening? Who is this man?” They would say, “He claims that Allah sent him and revealed to him,” or, “Allah revealed such-and-such to him.” I would memorize those words, and it was as though they were being instilled in my chest. “‘The Arabs delayed embracing Islam until the Conquest. They would say, “Leave him and his people alone; if he prevails over them, then he is a true prophet.” When the Conquest took place, every tribe hastened to embrace Islam, and my people were among those who hastened. My father came back and said, “By Allah, I have come to you truly from the Prophet.” He told us, “Pray such-and-such prayer at such-and-such time, and pray such-and-such at such-and-such time. When the time for prayer comes, let one of you give the call to prayer, and let the one who knows the most Qur’an lead you.” “‘They looked and found no one who knew more Qur’an than I did, because I had learned from the caravans. So they put me in front to lead them. I was then six or seven years old. I had a mantle that pulled up from me whenever I prostrated. A woman of the tribe said, “Will you not cover the backside of your reciter for us?” So they bought cloth and cut a shirt for me. I had never been happier with anything than I was with that shirt.’”

Aisha reported from the Prophet. Al-Layth related from Yunus, from Ibn Shihab, from Urwa ibn al-Zubayr, that Aisha said: “Utba ibn Abi Waqqas had instructed his brother Saad to take the son of Zamʿa’s enslaved woman, saying, ‘He is my son.’ When the Messenger of Allah came to Mecca during the Conquest, Saad ibn Abi Waqqas took the son of Zamʿa’s enslaved woman and brought him to the Messenger of Allah. Abd ibn Zamʿa came with them. Saad said, ‘This is my brother’s son. He instructed me that he is his son.’ Abd ibn Zamʿa said, ‘Messenger of Allah, this is my brother, the son of Zamʿa. He was born on his bed.’ “The Messenger of Allah looked at the son of Zamʿa’s enslaved woman and saw that he most closely resembled Utba ibn Abi Waqqas. He said, ‘He is yours; he is your brother, Abd ibn Zamʿa,’ because he had been born on his father’s bed. The Messenger of Allah then said to Sawda, ‘Veil yourself from him,’ because of the resemblance he saw to Utba ibn Abi Waqqas. “Ibn Shihab said that Aisha reported the Messenger of Allah saying: ‘The child belongs to the bed, and the adulterer gets the stone.’ Ibn Shihab added that Abu Hurayra used to proclaim this.”

Urwa ibn al-Zubayr reported: “During the campaign of the Conquest, a woman stole. Her people appealed to Usama ibn Zayd to intercede for her. When Usama spoke to the Messenger of Allah about her, his face changed color. He said, ‘Are you interceding with me concerning one of the limits set by Allah?’ Usama said, ‘Messenger of Allah, ask Allah to forgive me.’ “That afternoon, the Messenger of Allah stood to address the people. He praised Allah as He deserved, then said: ‘The people before you were destroyed because when a person of standing among them stole, they left him alone, but when a weak person stole, they carried out the prescribed punishment on him. By Him in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, if Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, were to steal, I would cut off her hand.’ Then the Messenger of Allah ordered that woman’s hand to be cut off. Afterward, her repentance was good, and she married. Aisha said: ‘After that, she used to come to me, and I would bring her requests to the Messenger of Allah.’”

Mujashi said: “After the Conquest, I brought my brother to the Prophet and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I have brought my brother so that you may accept his pledge to emigrate.’ He said, ‘Those who made the Emigration have gone with its merit.’ I asked, ‘On what will you accept his pledge?’ He said, ‘I will accept his pledge on Islam, faith, and striving.’” Later I met Abu Mabid, who was the elder of the two brothers, and asked him. He said, “Mujashi told the truth.”