Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Al-Makki ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ata said that Jabir said: The Prophet (ﷺ) ordered Ali to remain in his state of ihram. Muhammad ibn Bakr added, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Ata said that Jabir said: Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived with what he had collected. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, “With what did you declare the rites, Ali?” He said, “With what the Prophet (ﷺ) declared them.” He said, “Then offer a sacrifice, and remain in your consecrated state as you are.” Ali offered a sacrificial animal for him.

Musaddad related to us: Bishr ibn al-Mufaddal related to us, from Humayd al-Tawil: Bakr related to us, saying: He mentioned to Ibn Umar that Anas had told them the Prophet (ﷺ) entered ihram for Umra and Hajj. Ibn Umar said, “The Prophet (ﷺ) entered ihram for Hajj, and we did so with him. When we arrived in Mecca, he said, ‘Whoever has no sacrificial animal should make it an Umra.’ The Prophet (ﷺ) had a sacrificial animal with him.” Ali ibn Abi Talib then came to us from Yemen as a pilgrim. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “With what have you entered ihram? Your family is with us.” He replied, “I entered ihram as the Prophet (ﷺ) did.” He said, “Then remain in ihram, for we have sacrificial animals with us.”

Musaddad related to us: Khalid related to us: Bayan related to us, from Qays, from Jarir, who said: In pre-Islamic times there was a shrine called Dhu al-Khalasa, the Yemeni Kaaba and the Syrian Kaaba. The Prophet (ﷺ) said to me, “Will you not relieve me of Dhu al-Khalasa?” I set out with one hundred and fifty riders. We demolished it and killed those we found there. I came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and told him, and he invoked blessings for us and for the tribe of Ahmas.

Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna related to us: Yahya related to us: Isma‘il related to us: Qays said: Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) told me: The Prophet (ﷺ) said to me, “Will you not relieve me of Dhu al-Khalasa?” It was a shrine in Khath‘am called the Yemeni Kaaba. I set out with one hundred and fifty horsemen from Ahmas; they were skilled riders, while I could not sit firmly on a horse. He struck my chest, until I saw the mark of his fingers on it, and said, “O Allah, make him steadfast and make him a guide who is rightly guided.” I went to it and demolished and burned it. Then I sent a messenger to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Jarir’s messenger said, “By the One who sent you with the truth, I did not come to you until I had left it like a mangy camel.” He blessed the horses of Ahmas and its men five times.

Yusuf ibn Musa related to us: Abu Usama informed us, from Isma‘il ibn Abi Khalid, from Qays, from Jarir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me, “Will you not relieve me of Dhu al-Khalasa?” I said, “Certainly.” I set out with one hundred and fifty horsemen from Ahmas, who were skilled riders, while I could not sit firmly on horseback. I told the Prophet (ﷺ), and he struck my chest with his hand until I saw its mark on my chest. He said, “O Allah, make him steadfast and make him a guide who is rightly guided.” After that I never fell from a horse. Dhu al-Khalasa was a shrine in Yemen belonging to Khath‘am and Bajila, containing idols that were worshipped; it was called the Kaaba. Jarir went there, burned it with fire, and demolished it. When Jarir arrived in Yemen, there was a man who sought omens by divining arrows. He was told, “The Messenger of Allah’s messenger is here; if he catches you, he will strike off your head.” While the man was using the arrows, Jarir came upon him and said, “You must break them and testify that there is no god but Allah, or I will strike off your head.” The man broke them and testified. Jarir then sent a man from Ahmas, known as Abu Artata, to the Prophet (ﷺ) to bring him the good news. When he came to the Prophet (ﷺ), he said, “Messenger of Allah, by the One who sent you with the truth, I did not come until I had left it like a mangy camel.” The Prophet (ﷺ) blessed the horses of Ahmas and its men five times.

Ishaq related to us: Khalid ibn Abdullah informed us, from Khalid al-Hadhdha, from Abu Uthman, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) appointed Amr ibn al-As over the army of Dhat al-Salasil. He said: I came to him and asked, “Which person do you love most?” He said, “Aisha.” I asked, “Among men?” He replied, “Her father.” I asked, “Then who?” He said, “Umar.” He then listed several men. I fell silent, fearing he would place me last among them.

Abdullah ibn Abi Shayba al-Absi related to me: Ibn Idris related to us, from Isma‘il ibn Abi Khalid, from Qays, from Jarir, who said: I was at al-Bahr when I met two men from Yemen, Dhu Kala and Dhu Amr. I began telling them about the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). Dhu Amr said to me, “If what you tell us about your companion is true, then his appointed time passed three days ago.” They accompanied me until, on part of the road, we saw a caravan coming from Medina. We asked them, and they said, “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has died, Abu Bakr has been appointed caliph, and the people are in good order.” The two men said, “Tell your companion that we have come, and perhaps we will return, if Allah wills.” They went back to Yemen. I told Abu Bakr what they had said, and he replied, “Why did you not bring them?” Later, Dhu Amr said to me, “Jarir, you have shown me kindness, and I will tell you something: You Arabs will continue to fare well so long as, whenever a leader dies, you appoint another. But when it is done by the sword, they become kings: they grow angry with the anger of kings and are pleased with the pleasure of kings.”

Isma‘il related to us, saying: Malik related to me, from Wahb ibn Kaysan, from Jabir ibn Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent a detachment toward the coast and appointed Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah as their commander. They were three hundred. We set out, and partway along the road our provisions ran out. Abu Ubayda ordered that the army’s provisions be gathered. They gathered them, and they amounted to two bags of dates. He rationed them to us little by little each day until they were gone. Then each of us received only one date at a time. I said, “What good can one date do for you?” He replied, “We realized how much we missed it when it ran out.” Then we reached the sea and found a fish like a mound. The people ate from it for eighteen nights. Abu Ubayda ordered that two of its ribs be set upright. Then he ordered a riding camel to be saddled and driven beneath them; it passed under them without touching them.

Ali ibn Abdullah related to us: Sufyan related to us, saying: What we memorized from Amr ibn Dinar was that he said: I heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us—three hundred riders—with Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah as our commander, to watch the Quraysh caravan. We stayed on the coast for half a month, and severe hunger struck us, until we ate al-khabt leaves. That army was therefore called the Army of al-Khabt. The sea cast up for us a creature called al-anbar [sperm whale]. We ate from it for half a month and rubbed its fat on ourselves, until our bodies recovered. Abu Ubayda took one of its ribs and stood it upright, then brought the tallest man with him to pass beneath it. Sufyan once said: He took one of its bones and stood it upright, then brought a man and a camel, and they passed beneath it. Jabir said: One of the men slaughtered three camels, then another three, then another three. Abu Ubayda then forbade him to do so. Amr used to say: Abu Salih informed us that Qays ibn Sa‘d said to his father, “I was with the army, and they became hungry.” He said, “Slaughter [a camel].” I slaughtered one. They became hungry again, and he said, “Slaughter [another].” I slaughtered one. They became hungry again, and he said, “Slaughter [another].” I did so. They became hungry again, and he said, “Slaughter [another].” I replied, “I have been forbidden.”

Musaddad related to us: Yahya related to us, from Ibn Jurayj, who said: Amr informed me that he heard Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) say: We went on the campaign of the Army of al-Khabt, with Abu Ubayda appointed as commander. Severe hunger struck us, and the sea cast up a dead fish the like of which we had never seen, called al-anbar. We ate from it for half a month. Abu Ubayda took one of its bones, and a rider passed beneath it. Abu al-Zubayr informed me that he heard Jabir say: Abu Ubayda said, “Eat.” When we arrived in Medina, we told the Prophet (ﷺ) about it, and he said, “Eat; it is provision that Allah brought forth. Bring us some, if you have any.” Some of them brought him a piece, and he ate it.

Sulayman ibn Dawud Abu al-Rabi related to us: Fulayh related to us, from al-Zuhri, from Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Abu Hurayra, that Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) sent him during the pilgrimage in which the Prophet (ﷺ) had appointed Abu Bakr, before the Farewell Pilgrimage. On the day of sacrifice, he was among a group announcing to the people: “No polytheist is to perform Hajj after this year, and no one is to circumambulate the House naked.”

Abdullah ibn Raja related to me: Isra’il related to us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The last surah to be revealed in its entirety was Bara’a [Surat al-Tawba]. The last passage of a surah to be revealed was the conclusion of Surat al-Nisa: “They ask you for a ruling. Say: Allah gives you a ruling concerning collateral heirs.”

Abu Nuaym related to us: Sufyan related to us, from Abu Sakhra, from Safwan ibn Mihran al-Mazini, from Imran ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: A group of Banu Tamim came to the Prophet (ﷺ), and he said, “Accept the good tidings, Banu Tamim!” They said, “Messenger of Allah, you have given us good tidings, so give us something.” This showed in his face. Then a group of men from Yemen came, and he said, “Accept the good tidings, since Banu Tamim did not accept them.” They said, “We accept them, Messenger of Allah.”

Zuhayr ibn Harb related to me: Jarir related to us, from Umara ibn al-Qa‘qa, from Abu Zur‘a, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I have continued to love Banu Tamim ever since I heard three things the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said about them: “They are the strongest of my community against the Dajjal.” A captive woman from them was with Aisha, and he said, “Set her free, for she is from the descendants of Ismail.” Their charity was brought, and he said, “This is the charity of a people—or of my people.”

Ibrahim ibn Musa related to me: Hisham ibn Yusuf related to us, that Ibn Jurayj informed them, from Ibn Abi Mulayka, that Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr informed them: A delegation from Banu Tamim came to the Prophet (ﷺ). Abu Bakr said, “Appoint al-Qa‘qa ibn Ma‘bad ibn Zurara.” Umar said, “Rather, appoint al-Aqra ibn Habis.” Abu Bakr said, “You only want to oppose me.” Umar replied, “I did not want to oppose you.” They argued until their voices grew loud. Then revelation came down concerning this: “O you who believe, do not put yourselves forward …” until the passage was completed.

Ishaq related to me: Abu Amir al-Aqadi informed us: Qurra related to us, from Abu Jamra. I said to Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), “I have a jar in which nabidh is prepared for me. I drink it while it is sweet, but if I leave it for long, I fear I may be exposed.” Ibn Abbas said: A delegation from Abd al-Qays came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), who said, “Welcome, people, without disgrace or regret.” They said, “Messenger of Allah, the polytheists of Mudar stand between us and you, and we can reach you only during the sacred months. Tell us concise teachings which, if we act upon them, will admit us to Paradise, and by which we may call those left behind.” He said, “I command you to do four things and forbid you four. [I command you to have] faith in Allah. Do you know what faith in Allah is? It is to testify that there is no god but Allah, establish prayer, give zakat, fast Ramadan, and give one fifth of the spoils. I forbid you four things: [drinks prepared in] al-dubba, al-naqir, al-hantam, and al-muzaffat.”

Sulayman ibn Harb related to us: Hammad ibn Zayd related to us, from Abu Jamra, who said: I heard Ibn Abbas say: The delegation of Abd al-Qays came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “Messenger of Allah, we are this clan from Rabi‘a, and the unbelievers of Mudar stand between us and you. We can reach you only during a sacred month. So instruct us in things we may practice and call those left behind to.” He said, “I command you to do four things and forbid you four: faith in Allah”—and he joined one finger [to indicate one]—“the testimony that there is no god but Allah, establishing prayer, giving zakat, and giving Allah one fifth of whatever you gain as spoils. I forbid you [to use] al-dubba, al-naqir, al-hantam, and al-muzaffat.”

Yahya ibn Sulayman related to me: Ibn Wahb related to us: Amr informed me. Bakr ibn Mudar also said, from Amr ibn al-Harith, from Bukayr, that Kurayb, the client of Ibn Abbas, told him that Ibn Abbas, Abd al-Rahman ibn Azhar, and al-Miswar ibn Makhrama sent him to Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), saying, “Convey all our greetings to her and ask her about the two rak‘as after Asr. We have been told that you pray them, although we have heard that the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade them.” Ibn Abbas said, “Umar and I used to strike people for praying them.” Kurayb said: I went in to her and conveyed their message. She said, “Ask Umm Salama.” I informed them, and they sent me back to Umm Salama with the same request as when they had sent me to Aisha. Umm Salama said, “I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) forbid those two prayers. Yet once he prayed Asr and then came in to me while some women of the Ansar from Banu Haram were with me, and he prayed them. I sent a servant to him, saying, ‘Stand beside him and say: Umm Salama asks, “Messenger of Allah, did I not hear you forbid these two rak‘as, yet I see you praying them?” If he gestures to you with his hand, step back.’” The young woman did so; he gestured with his hand, and she stepped back. When he finished, he said, “Daughter of Abu Umayya, you asked me about the two rak‘as after Asr. People from Abd al-Qays came to me with the Islam of their people and distracted me from the two rak‘as after Dhuhr. These are those two.”

Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Ju‘fi related to me: Abu Amir Abd al-Malik related to us: Ibrahim—meaning Ibn Tahman—related to us, from Abu Jamra, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: The first Friday prayer held after the Friday prayer held in the Mosque of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was in the mosque of Abd al-Qays at Juwwatha—that is, a village in al-Bahrayn.

Abdullah ibn Yusuf related to us: al-Layth related to us, saying: Sa‘id ibn Abi Sa‘id related to me that he heard Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him) say: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent horsemen toward Najd, and they brought a man from Banu Hanifa called Thumama ibn Uthal. They tied him to one of the mosque’s pillars. The Prophet (ﷺ) came out to him and said, “What do you have to say, Thumama?” He replied, “I have good things to say, Muhammad. If you kill me, you kill a man with blood on his hands; if you show favor, you show favor to someone grateful; and if you want wealth, ask me for whatever you wish.” He left him until the next day, then said, “What do you have to say, Thumama?” He replied, “What I told you: if you show favor, you show favor to someone grateful.” He left him until the following day and asked, “What do you have to say, Thumama?” He replied, “I have what I told you.” He said, “Release Thumama.” Thumama went to a grove of palm trees near the mosque, bathed, then entered the mosque and said, “I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Muhammad, by Allah, no face on earth was more hateful to me than yours, but now your face has become the most beloved to me. By Allah, no religion was more hateful to me than yours, but now your religion has become the most beloved to me. By Allah, no town was more hateful to me than your town, but now your town has become the most beloved of towns. Your cavalry captured me while I was intending to perform Umra. What do you think?” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave him good tidings and ordered him to perform Umra. When he reached Mecca, someone said to him, “Have you become a Sabi?” He replied, “No; rather, I have accepted Islam with Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah. By Allah, not a single grain of wheat will reach you from Yamama until the Prophet (ﷺ) gives permission.”