Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

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Al-Nadr related from Shuʿba, from Abu Bishr, who said he heard Mujahid say: “I said to Ibn Umar…” He replied: “There is no emigration today—or after the Messenger of Allah,” followed by the same report.

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Mujahid ibn Jabr reported that Abdullah ibn Umar used to say: “There is no emigration after the Conquest.”

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Ata ibn Abi Rabah said: “Ubayd ibn Umayr and I visited Aisha, and he asked her about emigration. She said: ‘There is no emigration today. A believer used to flee with his religion to Allah and His Messenger for fear of being put to trial because of it. Today Allah has made Islam manifest, so a believer may worship his Lord wherever he wishes. But there remain striving and intention.’”

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Mujahid reported that the Messenger of Allah stood on the day of the Conquest and said: “Allah made Mecca a sanctuary on the day He created the heavens and the earth. It remains sacred by Allah’s decree until the Day of Resurrection. It was not made lawful to anyone before me, nor will it be made lawful to anyone after me. It was made lawful to me only for an hour of a day. Its game must not be driven away; its thorny plants must not be cut; its grasses must not be pulled up; and its lost property may not be taken except by someone who will announce it.” Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib said, “Except for idhkhir, Messenger of Allah, for it is necessary for metalworkers and for houses.” The Prophet paused, then said, “Except idhkhir, for it is lawful.” Another chain, from Ibn Jurayj through Abd al-Karim, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas, gives a similar or near-identical report. Abu Hurayra also related it from the Prophet.

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Ismail said: “I saw a wound on the hand of Ibn Abi Awfa. He said, ‘I received this while with the Prophet on the day of Hunayn.’ I asked, ‘Did you witness Hunayn?’ He replied, ‘Before that’”—that is, he had witnessed earlier campaigns as well.

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Abu Ishaq said: “I heard al-Bara. A man came and asked him, ‘Abu Umara, did you turn away on the day of Hunayn?’ Al-Bara replied, ‘I testify that the Prophet did not turn away. Rather, the hasty ones among the people rushed off, and Hawazin shot arrows at them. Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith was holding the head of the Prophet’s white mule, while the Prophet said: “I am the Prophet—there is no lie in it. I am the son of Abd al-Muttalib.”’”

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Abu Ishaq said: “Al-Bara was asked while I was listening, ‘Did you flee with the Prophet on the day of Hunayn?’ He replied, ‘As for the Prophet, no. They were archers.’ The Prophet was saying: ‘I am the Prophet—there is no lie in it. I am the son of Abd al-Muttalib.’”

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Abu Ishaq said that he heard al-Bara, whom a man from Qays asked: “Did you flee from the Messenger of Allah on the day of Hunayn?” Al-Bara replied: “The Messenger of Allah did not flee. Hawazin were archers. When we charged them, they retreated, and we became absorbed in the spoils. Then we were met with arrows. I saw the Messenger of Allah riding his white mule, with Abu Sufyan holding its reins, while he said: ‘I am the Prophet—there is no lie in it.’” Israil and Zuhayr added: “The Prophet dismounted from his mule.”

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Ibn Shihab said that Urwa ibn al-Zubayr reported Marwan and al-Miswar ibn Makhrama had told him: “When the delegation of Hawazin came as Muslims, they asked the Messenger of Allah to return their property and captives. He stood and said to them, ‘Those you see are with me, and the speech dearest to me is the truest. Choose one of two groups: either the captives or the property. I have waited for you.’ The Messenger of Allah had given them more than ten nights after returning from Taif to decide. When they understood that he would return only one of the two, they said, ‘We choose our captives.’ “The Messenger of Allah then stood among the Muslims, praised Allah as He deserved, and said, ‘Your brothers have come to us repentant. I think we should return their captives to them. Whoever among you wishes to relinquish his share may do so; whoever wishes to retain his share may do so, and we will compensate him from the first booty Allah grants us.’ The people said, ‘We willingly relinquish it, Messenger of Allah.’ “The Messenger of Allah said, ‘We do not know which of you has agreed and which has not. Go back, and let your leaders bring us your decision.’ The people went back, their leaders spoke with them, and they returned to the Messenger of Allah to inform him that the people had willingly relinquished their shares and given permission. This is what has reached me about the captives of Hawazin.”

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Ibn Umar reported: “When we returned from Hunayn, Umar asked the Prophet about a vow he had made during the pre-Islamic period to perform spiritual retreat. The Prophet ordered him to fulfill it.” Some transmitters give the chain as Hammad, from Ayyub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar. Jarir ibn Hazim and Hammad ibn Salama transmit it from Ayyub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, from the Prophet.

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Abu Qatada reported: “We set out with the Prophet in the year of Hunayn. When we met the enemy, the Muslims suffered a setback. I saw a polytheist above a Muslim, so I struck him from behind with my sword at the shoulder seam and cut through his armor. He turned on me and squeezed me so hard that I felt death upon me. Then death overtook him and he released me. I caught up with Umar and asked, ‘What is happening to the people?’ He replied, ‘It is Allah’s decree.’ “The Muslims returned, and the Prophet sat and said, ‘Whoever killed an enemy combatant and has proof of it may have his personal effects.’ I said, ‘Who will testify for me?’ and sat down. The Prophet repeated the statement. I stood and again asked, ‘Who will testify for me?’ then sat down. The Prophet said it a third time. I stood, and he asked, ‘What is the matter, Abu Qatada?’ I told him what had happened. A man said, ‘He is telling the truth, and the man’s effects are with me. Let me compensate him for them.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘No, by Allah! The Prophet will not leave one of Allah’s lions, fighting for Allah and His Messenger, and give his spoils to you.’ The Prophet said, ‘He has spoken the truth. Give them to him.’ The man gave them to me. With them I bought an orchard in Banu Salima; it was the first property I acquired in Islam.”

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Al-Layth related from Yahya ibn Said, from Umar ibn Kathir ibn Aflah, from Abu Muhammad, the freedman of Abu Qatada, that Abu Qatada said: “On the day of Hunayn, I saw a Muslim fighting a polytheist while another polytheist was sneaking up behind the Muslim to kill him. I hurried toward the one sneaking up. He raised his hand to strike me, so I struck his hand and cut it off. Then he seized me and squeezed me hard until I feared for my life. He then loosened his grip, and I pushed him away and killed him. The Muslims fled, and I fled with them. I saw Umar ibn al-Khattab among the people and asked, ‘What is happening to the people?’ He said, ‘It is Allah’s decree.’ “Then the people returned to the Messenger of Allah, who said, ‘Whoever establishes proof that he killed a man may have that man’s personal effects.’ I got up to find proof for the man I had killed, but could find no one to testify for me, so I sat down. Then I thought of it and told the Messenger of Allah what had happened. A man sitting with him said, ‘The weapons of the man he mentions are with me; let him have them as compensation.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘No! Would he give them to a weak Qurayshi and leave a lion among the lions of Allah, fighting for Allah and His Messenger?’ The Messenger of Allah stood and handed them to me. I bought a garden with them, and it was the first property I acquired in Islam.”

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Abu Musa reported: “When the Prophet had finished at Hunayn, he sent Abu Amir at the head of an army to Awtas. Abu Amir met Duraid ibn al-Simma. Duraid was killed, and Allah routed his companions. The Prophet had sent me with Abu Amir. A man from Jusham shot Abu Amir in the knee, and the arrow lodged there. I came to him and asked, ‘Uncle, who shot you?’ He pointed to the man and said, ‘That is my killer, the one who shot me.’ I went after the man and caught up with him. When he saw me, he fled. I pursued him, calling, ‘Are you not ashamed? Will you not stand your ground?’ He stopped, and we exchanged two sword blows. I killed him. Then I said to Abu Amir, ‘May Allah destroy your attacker.’ He said, ‘Pull out this arrow.’ I pulled it out, and fluid flowed from the wound. “He said, ‘Nephew, convey my greetings to the Prophet and ask him to seek forgiveness for me.’ Abu Amir appointed me to lead the people and remained alive for a short while, then died. I returned and went in to the Prophet at his house. He was lying on a bed woven with cords, with bedding on it; the weave of the bed had left marks on his back and sides. I told him what had happened to us and to Abu Amir, including Abu Amir’s request that he seek forgiveness for him. The Prophet called for water, performed ablution, and raised his hands, saying, ‘O Allah, forgive Ubayd, Abu Amir.’ I saw the whiteness of his armpits. Then he said, ‘O Allah, raise him on the Day of Resurrection above many of Your human creatures.’ I said, ‘And ask forgiveness for me too.’ He said, ‘O Allah, forgive Abdullah ibn Qays his sin and grant him an honored entrance on the Day of Resurrection.’” Abu Burda said: “One of the two prayers was for Abu Amir and the other for Abu Musa.”

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Zaynab bint Abi Salama reported from her mother, Umm Salama: “The Prophet came to me while an effeminate man was with me. I heard him say to Abdullah ibn Abi Umayya, ‘Abdullah, what do you think? If Allah grants you victory over Taif tomorrow, you should pursue Ghailan’s daughter. She comes toward you with four folds and turns away with eight.’” The Prophet said, “Let these men never enter upon you women.” Ibn Jurayj identified the effeminate man as Hit. Mahmud related the same report through Abu Usama from Hisham, adding that the Prophet was besieging Taif that day.

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Ali ibn Abdullah related to us: Sufyan related to us, from Amr, from Abu al-Abbas the blind poet, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) besieged Taif and gained nothing from its people, he said, “We are returning, if Allah wills.” This weighed heavily on them, and they said, “Are we going away without opening it?” On one occasion the wording was, “We are going back.” He said, “Go out to fight tomorrow.” They went out to fight and were wounded. He then said, “We are returning tomorrow, if Allah wills.” They were pleased by this, and the Prophet (ﷺ) smiled. Sufyan once said, “He grinned.” Al-Humaydi said: Sufyan related the entire report to us.

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Muhammad ibn Bashshar related to us: Ghundar related to us: Shu‘ba related to us, from Asim, who said: I heard Abu Uthman say: I heard Sa‘d—and he was the first to shoot an arrow in Allah’s cause—and Abu Bakra—and he had climbed over the wall of the Taif fortress with a group of people—come to the Prophet (ﷺ). The two of them said, “We heard the Prophet (ﷺ) say: ‘Whoever knowingly claims to belong to someone other than his father, Paradise is forbidden to him.’” Hisham also said: Ma‘mar related to us, from Asim, from Abu al-Aliya or Abu Uthman al-Nahdi, who said: I heard Sa‘d and Abu Bakra narrate from the Prophet (ﷺ). Asim said: I told him, “Two men have testified before you, and those two are enough for you.” He replied, “Yes. One of them was the first to shoot an arrow in Allah’s cause, and the other came down to the Prophet (ﷺ) as the third of twenty-three men from Taif.”

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Muhammad ibn al-Ala related to us: Abu Usama related to us, from Burayd ibn Abdullah, from Abu Burda, from Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I was with the Prophet (ﷺ) while he was camped at al-Ji‘irrana, between Mecca and Medina, with Bilal. A Bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “Will you not fulfill what you promised me?” He said to him, “Rejoice!” The man replied, “You have told me ‘Rejoice!’ too many times.” The Prophet (ﷺ) turned toward Abu Musa and Bilal, appearing angry, and said, “He has rejected the good tidings, so you two accept them.” They said, “We accept them.” Then he called for a cup containing water, washed his hands and face in it, and spat into it. He said, “Drink from it, pour some over your faces and chests, and rejoice.” They took the cup and did as he instructed. Umm Salama called from behind the screen, “Save some for your mother.” So they left some of it for her.

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Ya‘qub ibn Ibrahim related to us: Isma‘il related to us: Ibn Jurayj related to us, saying: Ata informed me that Safwan ibn Ya‘la ibn Umayya reported that Ya‘la used to say, “I wish I could see the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) when revelation came down to him.” He said: While the Prophet (ﷺ) was at al-Ji‘irrana, shaded by a cloth with some of his Companions beneath it, a Bedouin wearing a jacket and heavily scented with perfume came to him and said, “Messenger of Allah, what do you say about a man who entered ihram for Umra wearing a jacket after covering himself with perfume?” Umar gestured to Ya‘la to come. Ya‘la came and put his head inside; the Prophet (ﷺ) was red-faced and breathing heavily in that state for a while. Then it passed, and he said, “Where is the man who asked me just now about Umra?” The man was sought and brought to him. He said, “As for the perfume on you, wash it off three times; as for the jacket, take it off. Then perform in your Umra the rites you perform in your Hajj.”

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Musa ibn Isma‘il related to us: Wuhayb related to us: Amr ibn Yahya related to us, from Abbad ibn Tamim, from Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Asim, who said: When Allah granted His Messenger the spoils at Hunayn, he distributed them among those whose hearts were being reconciled, and gave the Ansar nothing. They seemed hurt that they had not received what the others had received. He addressed them, saying, “O assembly of the Ansar, did I not find you astray, and Allah guide you through me? You were divided, and Allah united you through me; you were poor, and Allah enriched you through me?” Whenever he said something, they replied, “Allah and His Messenger are most generous.” He said, “Why do you not answer the Messenger of Allah?” Each time he said something, they replied, “Allah and His Messenger are most generous.” He said, “If you wished, you could say: ‘You came to us in such-and-such a state.’ Would you be content for the people to leave with sheep and camels while you return to your homes with the Messenger of Allah? Were it not for the emigration, I would be one of the Ansar. If people took a valley or mountain pass, I would take the valley and mountain pass of the Ansar. The Ansar are the inner garment, while the people are the outer garment. You will encounter favoritism after me, so be patient until you meet me at the Pond.”

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Abdullah ibn Muhammad related to me: Hisham related to us: Ma‘mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) informed me that some Ansar spoke when Allah granted His Messenger the property of Hawazin. The Prophet (ﷺ) began giving some men one hundred camels each. They said, “May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah; he gives to Quraysh and leaves us, while our swords are still dripping with their blood.” Anas said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was told what they had said, and he sent for the Ansar and gathered them in a leather tent, inviting no one else. When they had gathered, the Prophet (ﷺ) stood and said, “What is this report that has reached me about you?” The learned men among the Ansar said, “Messenger of Allah, our leaders said nothing. Rather, some younger people among us said, ‘May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah; he gives to Quraysh and leaves us, while our swords still drip with their blood.’” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “I am giving to men who are newly removed from disbelief, to win their hearts. Are you not content that the people leave with wealth while you return to your homes with the Prophet (ﷺ)? By Allah, what you return with is better than what they return with.” They said, “Messenger of Allah, we are content.” He said to them, “You will encounter severe favoritism; be patient until you meet Allah and His Messenger, for I will be at the Pond.” Anas added: They did not remain patient.