Military Expeditions led by the Prophet (pbuh) (Al-Maghaazi)

Khalid ibn al-Walid said: “On the day of Muta, nine swords broke in my hand. None remained in my hand except a Yemeni blade.”

Khalid ibn al-Walid said: “On the day of Muta, nine swords broke in my hand, but my Yemeni blade held firm in my hand.”

Al-Numan ibn Bashir reported: “Abdullah ibn Rawaha fell unconscious, and his sister Amra began to weep, saying, ‘O my mountain! O so-and-so!’ and listing his qualities. When he came to, he said, ‘Whenever you said something, I was told, “Are you really like that?”’”

Al-Shabi related from al-Numan ibn Bashir the same report about Abdullah ibn Rawaha falling unconscious, adding: “When he died, his sister did not weep over him.”

Usama ibn Zayd reported: “The Messenger of Allah sent us to al-Huraqa. At dawn we attacked the people and defeated them. An Ansari man and I pursued one of them. When we caught up with him, he said, ‘There is no god but Allah.’ The Ansari stopped, but I stabbed the man with my spear and killed him. When we returned, the Prophet heard what had happened and said, ‘Usama, did you kill him after he said, “There is no god but Allah”?’ I said, ‘He was only seeking protection.’ The Prophet kept repeating the question until I wished I had not become Muslim before that day.”

Salama ibn al-Akwa said: “I fought alongside the Prophet in seven campaigns and went out with forces he dispatched on nine expeditions. Abu Bakr commanded us on one occasion, and Usama commanded us on another.”

Umar ibn Hafs ibn Ghiyath related from his father, from Yazid ibn Abi Ubayd, who said he heard Salama say: “I fought alongside the Prophet in seven campaigns and went out with the forces he dispatched on nine expeditions. Abu Bakr commanded us on one occasion, and Usama on another.”

Salama ibn al-Akwa said: “I fought alongside the Prophet in seven campaigns, and I also fought with Ibn Haritha when the Prophet appointed him as our commander.”

Salama ibn al-Akwa said: “I fought alongside the Prophet in seven campaigns.” He mentioned Khaybar, al-Hudaybiya, the day of Hunayn, and the day of Dhat al-Qarad. Yazid said: “I have forgotten the rest.”

Ali reported: “The Messenger of Allah sent me, al-Zubayr, and al-Miqdad, saying, ‘Go until you reach Rawdat Khakh. There is a woman traveler there with a letter; take it from her.’ We rode at a gallop until we reached the meadow and found the woman. We told her, ‘Bring out the letter.’ She said, ‘I have no letter.’ We said, ‘Bring out the letter, or we will remove your clothes.’ She then brought it out from her braid. We took it to the Messenger of Allah. It was from Hatib ibn Abi Baltaa to some polytheists in Mecca, informing them of some matter concerning the Messenger of Allah. “The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Hatib, what is this?’ He replied, ‘Messenger of Allah, do not rush to judge me. I was attached to Quraysh as an ally, but was not one of their own people. The Emigrants with you had relatives among them who protected their families and property. Since I lacked that kinship among them, I wanted to do them a favor so they would protect my relatives. I did not do this out of apostasy from my religion, nor because I approved of unbelief after Islam.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘He has told you the truth about himself.’ “Umar said, ‘Messenger of Allah, let me strike the neck of this hypocrite.’ The Prophet said, ‘He was present at Badr. What do you know? Perhaps Allah looked upon those who witnessed Badr and said, “Do as you wish, for I have forgiven you.”’ Then Allah revealed the surah: ‘O you who believe, do not take My enemies and your enemies as allies, offering them affection…’ through the words, ‘…he has strayed from the straight path.’”

Ibn Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah took part in the campaign of the Conquest during Ramadan. Ibn al-Musayyab said the same. A further report from Ibn Abbas says: “The Messenger of Allah fasted until he reached al-Kadid—the watering place between Qudayd and Usfan—then broke his fast and did not fast again until the month had ended.”

Ibn Abbas reported that the Prophet left Medina for Mecca in Ramadan with ten thousand people, eight and a half years after his arrival in Medina. He and the Muslims with him traveled while fasting. When they reached al-Kadid, a watering place between Usfan and Qudayd, he broke his fast, and they did too. Al-Zuhri said: “In determining the practice of the Messenger of Allah, one follows his later action.”

Ibn Abbas reported that the Prophet set out for Hunayn during Ramadan while some people were fasting and others were not. When he had mounted, he asked for a vessel of milk or water and placed it on his palm—or on his mount. He then looked at the people, and those who had broken their fast said to those who were fasting, “Break your fast.”

Abd al-Razzaq related from Maʿmar, from Ayyub, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas: “The Prophet set out in the year of the Conquest.” Hammad ibn Zayd also related it through Ayyub, from Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas, from the Prophet.

Tawus reported that Ibn Abbas said: “The Messenger of Allah traveled during Ramadan and fasted until he reached Usfan. Then he asked for a vessel of water and drank during the day so that people would see him. He remained not fasting until he reached Mecca.” Ibn Abbas used to say: “The Messenger of Allah fasted while traveling and also broke his fast. Whoever wishes may fast, and whoever wishes may break the fast.”

Urwa reported: “When the Messenger of Allah set out in the year of the Conquest and news reached Quraysh, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Hakim ibn Hizam, and Budayl ibn Warqa went out seeking information about the Messenger of Allah. They traveled until they reached Marr al-Zahran, where they saw fires that looked like the fires at Arafat. Abu Sufyan said, ‘What are these? They look like the fires at Arafat.’ Budayl ibn Warqa said, ‘They are the fires of Banu Amr.’ Abu Sufyan said, ‘Amr are fewer than that.’ Some of the Messenger of Allah’s guards saw them, caught them, and brought them to him. Abu Sufyan became Muslim. “As the Prophet proceeded, he told al-Abbas, ‘Keep Abu Sufyan at the narrow pass where the cavalry comes through, so he can see the Muslims.’ Al-Abbas kept him there. The tribes began passing the Prophet in battalions. One battalion passed, and Abu Sufyan asked, ‘Abbas, who are these?’ He answered, ‘Ghifar.’ Abu Sufyan said, ‘What have I to do with Ghifar?’ Then Juhayna passed, and he said the same. Then Banu Sad ibn Hudhaym passed, and he said the same; then Sulaym passed, and he said the same. Then came a battalion unlike any he had seen. He asked, ‘Who are these?’ Al-Abbas said, ‘These are the Ansar, led by Sad ibn Ubada, who carries the banner.’ Sad ibn Ubada said, ‘Abu Sufyan, today is the day of fierce battle; today the Kaaba will be made lawful.’ Abu Sufyan said, ‘Abbas, what a day of destruction this is!’ “Then came a battalion, the smallest of them, containing the Messenger of Allah and his Companions. The Prophet’s banner was with al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. When the Messenger of Allah passed Abu Sufyan, he asked, ‘Did you hear what Sad ibn Ubada said?’ Abu Sufyan said, ‘He said such-and-such.’ The Prophet said, ‘Sad was mistaken. Rather, today is a day on which Allah will honor the Kaaba, and a day on which the Kaaba will be clothed.’ The Messenger of Allah ordered that his banner be planted at al-Hajun. “Urwa said: Nafi ibn Jubayr ibn Mutim told me that he heard al-Abbas say to al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, ‘Abu Abdullah, this is where the Messenger of Allah ordered you to plant the banner.’ On that day the Messenger of Allah ordered Khalid ibn al-Walid to enter Mecca from its upper side by Kada, while the Prophet entered by Kuda. Two men from Khalid’s cavalry were killed that day: Hubaysh ibn al-Ashar and Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri.”

Abdullah ibn Mughaffal said: “On the day of the Conquest of Mecca, I saw the Messenger of Allah riding his she-camel and reciting Surat al-Fath with a lilting, modulated cadence.” He added: “Were it not for fear that people would gather around me, I would recite with the same cadence.”

During the Conquest, Usama ibn Zayd asked the Messenger of Allah, “Messenger of Allah, where will we stay tomorrow?” The Prophet replied, “Has Aqil left us any house to stay in?” Then he said, “A believer does not inherit from an unbeliever, and an unbeliever does not inherit from a believer.” Al-Zuhri was asked, “Who inherited Abu Talib?” He replied, “Aqil and Talib inherited him.” Maʿmar related from al-Zuhri the question, “Where will we stay tomorrow?” as having been asked during the Prophet’s pilgrimage. Yunus did not specify that it was during the pilgrimage or during the Conquest.

Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah said: “Our stopping place, Allah willing, when Allah grants us victory, will be al-Khayf, where they joined together in a pact of unbelief.”

Abu Hurayra reported that, when the Messenger of Allah intended to go to Hunayn, he said: “Tomorrow, Allah willing, our stopping place will be at the Khayf of Banu Kinana, where they joined together in a pact of unbelief.”