Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them

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Hisham bin Ammar narrated to us: Sufyan bin Uyaynah narrated to us, from Amr bin Dinar, from Ibn Umar, that when dawn became bright, the Prophet (ﷺ) would pray two rakahs.

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Ahmad bin Abdah narrated to us: Hammad bin Zaid informed us, from Anas bin Sirin, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray the two rakahs before the morning prayer as though the call to prayer were at his ears.

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Muhammad bin Ramh narrated to us: Al-Laith bin Sad informed us, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, from Hafsah bint Umar, that when the call for the Subh prayer was given, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would pray two brief rakahs before setting out for the prayer.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Abu Al-Ahwas narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Al-Aswad, from Aishah, who said: When the Prophet (ﷺ) performed ablution, he would pray two rakahs, then go out to the prayer.

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Al-Khalil bin Amr Abu Amr narrated to us: Sharik narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Al-Harith, from Ali, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) used to pray two rakahs at the time of the iqamah.

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Abdur-Rahman bin Ibrahim Ad-Dimashqi and Yaqub bin Humayd bin Kasib said: Marwan bin Muawiyah narrated to us, from Yazid bin Kaysan, from Abu Hazim, from Abu Hurairah, that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite in the two rakahs before Fajr: “Say: O disbelievers” (Al-Kafirun, 109) and “Say: He is Allah, the One” (Al-Ikhlas, 112).

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Ahmad bin Sinan and Muhammad bin Abadah Al-Wasiti narrated to us, and they said: Abu Ahmad narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Mujahid, from Ibn Umar, who said: I watched the Prophet (ﷺ) for a month. In the two rakahs before Fajr, he would recite: “Say: O disbelievers” (Al-Kafirun, 109) and “Say: He is Allah, the One” (Al-Ikhlas, 112).

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Yazid bin Harun narrated to us: Al-Jurayri narrated to us, from Abdullah bin Shaqiq, from Aishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray two rakahs before Fajr and would say: How excellent are the two surahs recited in the two rakahs of Fajr: Say, He is Allah, the One (Al-Ikhlas, 112), and Say, O disbelievers (Al-Kafirun, 109).

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Mahmud bin Ghailan narrated to us: Azhar bin Al-Qasim narrated to us. (Another chain) Mahmud bin Ghailan narrated to us: Bakr bin Khalaf Abu Bishr narrated to us: Ruh bin Ubadah narrated to us. They both said: Zakariyya bin Ishaq narrated to us, from Amr bin Dinar, from Ata bin Yasar, from Abu Hurairah, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: When the iqamah has been called for prayer, there is no prayer except the obligatory prayer. Mahmud bin Ghailan narrated to us: Yazid bin Harun narrated to us: Hammad bin Zaid informed us, from Ayyub, from Amr bin Dinar, from Ata bin Yasar, from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet (ﷺ), with similar wording.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Abu Muawiyah narrated to us, from Asim, from Abdullah bin Sarjis, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw a man praying the two rakahs before the morning prayer while he was in the prayer. When he had finished praying, he said to him: Which of your two prayers did you count?

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Abu Marwan Muhammad bin Uthman Al-Uthmani narrated to us: Ibrahim bin Sad narrated to us, from his father, from Hafs bin Asim, from Abdullah bin Malik bin Buhainah, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) passed by a man who was praying after the iqamah for the Subh prayer had been called. He said something to him; I do not know what it was. When the Prophet had departed, we gathered around the man and asked him, What did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say to you? He replied: He said to me, One of you is about to pray Fajr as four rakahs.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Abdullah bin Numair narrated to us: Sad bin Said narrated to us: Muhammad bin Ibrahim narrated to me, from Qais bin Amr, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) saw a man praying two rakahs after the Subh prayer and said: Is the Subh prayer being performed twice? The man replied: I had not prayed the two rakahs before it, so I prayed them now. The Prophet (ﷺ) remained silent.

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Abdur-Rahman bin Ibrahim and Yaqub bin Humayd bin Kasib narrated to us: Marwan bin Muawiyah narrated to us, from Yazid bin Kaysan, from Abu Hazim, from Abu Hurairah, that the Prophet (ﷺ) slept through and missed the two rakahs before Fajr, then made them up after the sun had risen.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Jarir narrated to us, from Qabus, from his father, who said: My father sent a message to Aishah asking which prayer the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) most loved to perform regularly. She said: He used to pray four rakahs before Zuhr, standing for a long time in them and performing their bowing and prostration well.

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Ali bin Muhammad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Ubaidah bin Mutib Ad-Dabbi, from Ibrahim, from Sahm bin Minjab, from Qazah, from Qarthah, from Abu Ayyub, that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to pray four rakahs before Zuhr after the sun had passed its zenith, without separating them with taslim. He said: The gates of heaven are opened when the sun passes its zenith.

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Muhammad bin Yahya, Zaid bin Akhzam, and Muhammad bin Mamar narrated to us: Musa bin Dawud Al-Kufi narrated to us: Qais bin Ar-Rabi narrated to us, from Shubah, from Khalid Al-Hadhdha, from Abdullah bin Shaqiq, from Aishah, who said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) missed the four rakahs before Zuhr, he would pray them after the two rakahs following Zuhr. Abu Abdullah said: No one narrated this from Shubah except Qais.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Abdullah bin Idris narrated to us, from Yazid bin Abu Ziyad, from Abdullah bin Al-Harith, who said: Muawiyah sent for Umm Salamah, and I went with the messenger. He asked Umm Salamah, and she said: While the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was performing ablution for Zuhr in my house, he had sent out a collector, and many emigrants had gathered around him; their situation had concerned him. Then someone knocked at the door, and he went out to him and prayed Zuhr. Then he sat distributing what the collector had brought. She said: He continued in this way until Asr. Then he entered my home and prayed two rakahs, then said: The matter of the collector kept me from praying them after Zuhr, so I prayed them after Asr.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Yazid bin Harun narrated to us: Muhammad bin Abdullah Ash-Shuaithi narrated to us, from his father, from Anbasah bin Abu Sufyan, from Umm Habibah, from the Prophet (ﷺ), who said: Whoever prays four rakahs before Zuhr and four after it, Allah will forbid him to the Fire.

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Ali bin Muhammad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us: Sufyan, my father, and Israil narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Asim bin Damrah As-Saluli, who said: We asked Ali about the voluntary prayers of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the day. He said: You will not be able to do them. We said: Tell us about them, so that we may do as much as we are able. He said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had prayed Fajr, he would wait until the sun was at this point—meaning toward the east—at the same measure as the Asr prayer is from this point—meaning toward the west. Then he would stand and pray two rakahs. Then he would wait until the sun was at this point—meaning toward the east—at the measure of the Zuhr prayer from this point; then he would stand and pray four rakahs. He would pray four before Zuhr when the sun had passed its zenith, and two after it, and four before Asr. Between every two rakahs he would give the taslim, invoking peace upon the angels brought near, the Prophets, and those among the Muslims and believers who follow them. Ali said: Those are sixteen rakahs of the Messenger of Allahs voluntary prayers by day, and few people persist in performing them. Waki said: My father added: Habib bin Abu Thabit said: O Abu Ishaq, I would not wish to have this mosque full of gold in exchange for this hadith of yours.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Abu Usamah and Waki narrated to us, from Kahmas: Abdullah bin Buraidah narrated to us, from Abdullah bin Mughaffal, who said: The Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) said: Between every two calls there is a prayer. He said this three times, and the third time he said: For whoever wishes.