Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them

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Abdullah bin Amir bin Zurarah narrated to us: Ali bin Mushir narrated to us, from Al-Amash, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, from Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed and added or omitted something—Ibrahim said: The uncertainty is mine. It was said to him: Messenger of Allah, was something added to the prayer? He said: I am only a human being; I forget just as you forget. When one of you forgets, let him perform two prostrations while seated. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) turned and performed two prostrations.

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Amr bin Rafi narrated to us: Ismail bin Ulayyah narrated to us, from Hisham, who narrated to me: Yahya narrated to me: Iyad asked Abu Said Al-Khudri: One of us prays and does not know how many rakahs he has prayed. He said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: When one of you prays and does not know how many he has prayed, let him perform two prostrations while seated.

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Muhammad bin Bashshar and Abu Bakr bin Khallad narrated to us: Yahya bin Said narrated to us, from Shubah: Al-Hakam narrated to me, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, from Abdullah, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed Zuhr as five rakahs. It was said to him: Has something been added to the prayer? He said: What is that? They told him, so he bent his leg and performed two prostrations.

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Uthman, Abu Bakr—the two sons of Abu Shaibah—and Hisham bin Ammar narrated to us: Sufyan bin Uyaynah narrated to us, from Az-Zuhri, from Al-Araj, from Ibn Buhainah, that the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed a prayer which I think was Zuhr (Asr). In the second rakah, he stood before sitting. Just before giving the taslim, he performed two prostrations.

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Abu Bakr bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Ibn Numair, Ibn Fudail, and Yazid bin Harun narrated to us. Another chain: Uthman bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Abu Khalid Al-Ahmar, Yazid bin Harun, and Abu Muawiyah narrated to us, all from Yahya bin Said, from Abdur-Rahman Al-Araj, that Ibn Buhainah informed him: The Prophet (ﷺ) stood up after two rakahs of Zuhr, having forgotten to sit. When he had completed his prayer, before giving the taslim, he performed the two prostrations of forgetfulness and then gave the taslim.

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Muhammad bin Yahya narrated to us: Muhammad bin Yusuf narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Jabir, from Al-Mughirah bin Shubail, from Qais bin Abu Hazim, from Al-Mughirah bin Shubah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: If one of you stands after two rakahs but has not yet fully stood upright, let him sit back down. But if he has fully stood upright, let him not sit down; rather, let him perform two prostrations for forgetfulness.

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Abu Yusuf Ar-Raqqi Muhammad bin Ahmad As-Saidalani narrated to us: Muhammad bin Salamah narrated to us, from Muhammad bin Ishaq, from Makhul, from Kuraib, from Ibn Abbas, from Abdur-Rahman bin Awf, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: If one of you is uncertain whether he has prayed two or one rakah, let him count it as one. If he is uncertain whether he has prayed two or three, let him count it as two. If he is uncertain whether he has prayed three or four, let him count it as three. Then let him complete what remains of his prayer so that the uncertainty concerns the additional amount, then let him perform two prostrations while seated before giving the taslim.

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Abu Kuraib narrated to us: Abu Khalid Al-Ahmar narrated to us, from Ibn Ajlan, from Zaid bin Aslam, from Ata bin Yasar, from Abu Said Al-Khudri, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: If one of you is uncertain in his prayer, let him set aside the doubt and proceed on what is certain. When he is certain that he has completed the prayer, let him perform two prostrations. If his prayer was complete, the extra rakah will count as voluntary; if it was deficient, that rakah will complete his prayer. The two prostrations will humble Satan.

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Muhammad bin Bashshar narrated to us: Muhammad bin Jafar narrated to us: Shubah narrated to us, from Mansur. Shubah wrote to me, and I read it to him. He said: Ibrahim informed me, from Alqamah, from Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prayed a prayer without knowing whether he had added or omitted something. He asked, and we told him. So he drew in his leg, faced the qiblah, and performed two prostrations, then gave the taslim. Then he turned toward us and said: If anything had happened in the prayer, I would have informed you. I am only a human being; I forget just as you forget. When I forget, remind me. If any of you is uncertain in prayer, let him seek out what is closest to what is correct, complete the prayer on that basis, give the taslim, and perform two prostrations.

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Ali bin Muhammad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Misar, from Mansur, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, from Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: If one of you is uncertain in prayer, let him seek what is correct, then perform two prostrations. At-Tanafisi said: This is the foundational position, and no one can refute it.

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Ali bin Muhammad, Abu Kuraib, and Ahmad bin Sinan narrated to us: Abu Usamah narrated to us, from Ubaidullah bin Umar, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forgot and gave the taslim after two rakahs. A man called Dhul-Yadain said to him: Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened, or did you forget? He replied: It has not been shortened, and I did not forget. The man said: You prayed only two rakahs. He asked: Is Dhul-Yadain right? They said: Yes. So he went forward and prayed two rakahs, then gave the taslim and performed the two prostrations of forgetfulness.

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Ali bin Muhammad narrated to us: Abu Usamah narrated to us, from Ibn Awn, from Ibn Sirin, from Abu Hurairah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) led us in one of the two afternoon prayers and prayed two rakahs, then gave the taslim. Then he stood and went to a piece of wood in the mosque and leaned on it. The people who were quick to leave went out, saying: The prayer has been shortened. Abu Bakr and Umar were among the people, but they were too awed to say anything to him. Among them was a man with long hands called Dhul-Yadain. He said: Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened, or did you forget? He replied: It has not been shortened, and I did not forget. The man said: You prayed only two rakahs. He asked: Is Dhul-Yadain right? They said: Yes. He stood, prayed two rakahs, gave the taslim, performed two prostrations, then gave the taslim again.

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Muhammad bin Al-Muthanna and Ahmad bin Thabit Al-Jahdari narrated to us: Abdul-Wahhab narrated to us: Khalid Al-Hadhdha narrated to us, from Abu Qilabah, from Abu Al-Muhallab, from Imran bin Husain, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave the taslim after three rakahs of Asr, then stood and entered the chamber. Al-Khirbaq, a man with broad hands, stood and called out: Messenger of Allah, has the prayer been shortened? He came out angry, dragging his lower garment, asked about it, and was informed. Then he prayed the rakah he had left out, gave the taslim, performed two prostrations, and gave the taslim again.

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Sufyan bin Waki narrated to us: Yunus bin Bukair narrated to us: Ibn Ishaq narrated to me: Az-Zuhri narrated to me, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurairah, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Satan comes to one of you during his prayer and comes between him and his own self, until he does not know whether he has added or omitted something. If that happens, let him perform two prostrations before giving the taslim, then give the taslim.

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Sufyan bin Waki narrated to us: Yunus bin Bukair narrated to us: Ibn Ishaq narrated to us: Salamah bin Safwan bin Salamah informed me, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurairah, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: Satan comes between the son of Adam and his own self, so that he does not know how many rakahs he has prayed. If he notices this, let him perform two prostrations before giving the taslim.

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Abu Bakr bin Khallad narrated to us: Sufyan bin Uyaynah narrated to us, from Mansur, from Ibrahim, from Alqamah, that Ibn Masud performed the two prostrations of forgetfulness after the taslim, and mentioned that the Prophet (ﷺ) had done that.

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Hisham bin Ammar and Uthman bin Abu Shaibah narrated to us: Ismail bin Ayyash narrated to us, from Ubaidullah bin Ubaid, from Zuhair bin Salim Al-Ansi, from Abdur-Rahman bin Jubair bin Nufair, from Thawban, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: For every forgetfulness, there are two prostrations after giving the taslim.

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Yaqub bin Humayd bin Kasib narrated to us: Abdullah bin Musa At-Taimi narrated to us, from Usamah bin Zaid, from Abdullah bin Yazid, the client of Al-Aswad bin Sufyan, from Muhammad bin Abdur-Rahman bin Thawban, from Abu Hurairah, who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) came out to lead the prayer and said the takbir, then signaled to them to wait. He went away and performed ghusl; water was dripping from his head. Then he led them in prayer. When he finished, he said: I came out to you in a state of major ritual impurity, and I forgot until I had stood in the prayer.

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Muhammad bin Yahya narrated to us: Al-Haitham bin Kharijah narrated to us: Ismail bin Ayyash narrated to us, from Ibn Juraij, from Ibn Abu Mulaikah, from Aishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Whoever is affected by vomiting, a nosebleed, regurgitation, or pre-seminal fluid, let him leave, perform ablution, then continue his prayer without speaking during that.

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Umar bin Shabbah bin Ubaidah bin Zaid narrated to us: Umar bin Ali Al-Muqaddami narrated to us, from Hisham bin Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, from the Prophet (ﷺ), who said: When one of you is praying and something that invalidates ablution occurs, let him hold his nose, then leave. Harmalah bin Yahya narrated to us: Abdullah bin Wahb narrated to us: Umar bin Qais narrated to us, from Hisham bin Urwah, from his father, from Aishah, from the Prophet (ﷺ), with similar wording.