Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Sharik narrated to us, from Zubayd, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, from Umar, who said: The travel prayer is two rakahs, the Friday prayer is two rakahs, and the Eid prayer is two rakahs—complete, not shortened—according to the words of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

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Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Numayr narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Bishr narrated to us: Yazid ibn Ziyad ibn Abi al-Jaad informed us, from Zubayd, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, from Kaab ibn Ujrah, from Umar, who said: The travel prayer is two rakahs, the Friday prayer is two rakahs, and the prayers of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are two rakahs—complete, not shortened—according to the words of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Idris narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Ibn Abi Ammar, from Abdullah ibn Babayh, from Yala ibn Umayyah, who said: I asked Umar ibn al-Khattab about the verse, “There is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer if you fear that those who disbelieve may harm you,” even though the people were secure. He said: I wondered about it just as you did, so I asked the Messenger of Allah about it. He said: “It is a charity that Allah has bestowed upon you, so accept His charity.”

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Muhammad ibn Rumh narrated to us: Al-Layth ibn Sad informed us, from Ibn Shihab, from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Umayyah ibn Abdullah ibn Khalid, who said to Abdullah ibn Umar: We find the prayer of residence and the prayer of fear in the Quran, but we do not find the travel prayer. Abdullah said to him: Allah sent Muhammad to us when we knew nothing; we do only as we saw Muhammad do.

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Ahmad ibn Abdah narrated to us: Hammad ibn Zayd informed us, from Bishr ibn Harb, from Ibn Umar, who said: When the Messenger of Allah left this city, he never prayed more than two rakahs until he returned to it.

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Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi al-Shawarib and Jubarah ibn al-Mughallis narrated to us; they said: Abu Awanah narrated to us, from Bukayr ibn al-Akhnas, from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas, who said: Allah prescribed the prayer, through the words of your Prophet, as four rakahs while resident and two while traveling.

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Muharriz ibn Salamah al-Adani narrated to us: Abd al-Aziz ibn Abi Hazim narrated to us, from Ibrahim ibn Ismail, from Abd al-Karim, from Mujahid, Said ibn Jubayr, Ata ibn Abi Rabah, and Tawus, who all informed him from Ibn Abbas. Ibn Abbas informed them that the Messenger of Allah used to combine the Maghrib and Isha prayers while traveling, without being forced to hurry, without an enemy pursuing him, and without fearing anything.

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Ali ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Abu al-Tufayl, from Muadh ibn Jabal: The Prophet combined the noon and afternoon prayers, and the sunset and night prayers, while traveling during the Tabuk campaign.

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Abu Bakr ibn Khallad al-Bahili narrated to us: Abu Amir narrated to us, from Isa ibn Hafs ibn Asim ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, who said: My father narrated to me: We were traveling with Ibn Umar. He led us in prayer, then we left with him and he continued on. He turned and saw some people praying. He asked, What are these people doing? I said, They are praying voluntary prayers. He said: If I were to pray voluntary prayers, I would have completed my prayer. Nephew, I accompanied the Messenger of Allah, and he never prayed more than two rakahs while traveling until Allah took him. Then I accompanied Abu Bakr, and he never prayed more than two rakahs. Then I accompanied Umar, and he never prayed more than two rakahs. Then I accompanied Uthman, and he never prayed more than two rakahs until Allah took them. Allah says: “You have an excellent example in the Messenger of Allah.”

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Abu Bakr ibn Khallad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us: Usamah ibn Zayd said: I asked Tawus about voluntary prayer while traveling—while al-Hasan ibn Muslim ibn Yannaq was sitting with him. He said: Tawus told me that he heard Ibn Abbas say: The Messenger of Allah prescribed the prayer at home and the prayer while traveling, and we used to pray before and after it at home, and we used to pray before and after it while traveling.

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Hatim ibn Ismail narrated to us, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Humayd al-Zuhri, who said: I asked al-Saib ibn Yazid, What have you heard about staying in Mecca? He said: I heard al-Ala ibn al-Hadrami say that the Prophet said: “Three [days] for the emigrant after departure.”

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Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us: Abu Asim narrated to us—and I read it to him—Ibn Jurayj informed us: Ata informed me: Jabir ibn Abdullah narrated to me, among some people with me, saying: The Prophet arrived in Mecca on the morning of the fourth day of Dhu al-Hijjah.

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Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Abi al-Shawarib narrated to us: Abd al-Wahid ibn Ziyad narrated to us: Asim al-Ahwal narrated to us, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah stayed for nineteen days, praying two rakahs at a time. When we stay for nineteen days, we pray two rakahs at a time; if we stay longer than that, we pray four.

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Abu Yusuf al-Saydalani, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Raqqi, narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Salamah narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from al-Zuhri, from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah, from Ibn Abbas: The Messenger of Allah stayed in Mecca for fifteen nights in the year of the Conquest, shortening the prayer.

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Nasr ibn Ali al-Jahdami narrated to us: Yazid ibn Zuray and Abd al-Ala narrated to us; they said: Yahya ibn Abi Ishaq narrated to us, from Anas, who said: We set out with the Messenger of Allah from Medina to Mecca. He prayed two rakahs at a time until we returned. I asked, How long did he stay in Mecca? He said: Ten.

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Ali ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: “Between a servant and disbelief lies abandoning the prayer.”

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Ismail ibn Ibrahim al-Balisi narrated to us: Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Shaqiq narrated to us: Husayn ibn Waqid narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Buraydah narrated to us, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: “The covenant between us and them is the prayer; whoever abandons it has disbelieved.”

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Abd al-Rahman ibn Ibrahim al-Dimashqi narrated to us: Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us: Al-Awzai narrated to us, from Amr ibn Sad, from Yazid al-Raqashi, from Anas ibn Malik, from the Prophet, who said: “There is nothing between a servant and associating partners with Allah except abandoning the prayer. When he abandons it, he has committed shirk.”

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Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Numayr narrated to us: Al-Walid ibn Bukayr Abu Khabbab narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Adawi narrated to me, from Ali ibn Zayd, from Said ibn al-Musayyab, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of Allah addressed us and said: People, repent to Allah before you die, and hasten to do righteous deeds before you become occupied. Maintain what is between you and your Lord through frequent remembrance of Him and abundant charity, in private and in public; you will be provided for, supported, and your losses will be made good. Know that Allah has enjoined the Friday prayer upon you, from this place of mine, on this day of mine, in this month of mine, in this year of mine, until the Day of Resurrection. Whoever abandons it during my lifetime or after me, while there is a just or unjust leader over him, out of disregard for it or denial of it, may Allah not unite his affairs or bless his endeavors. Indeed, he has no prayer, no zakat, no Hajj, no fasting, and no righteousness until he repents. Whoever repents, Allah accepts his repentance. A woman must not lead a man in prayer; a Bedouin must not lead an emigrant; and a wicked person must not lead a believer, unless he is compelled to do so by an authority whose sword and whip he fears.

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Yahya ibn Khalaf Abu Salamah narrated to us: Abd al-Ala narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Muhammad ibn Abi Umamah ibn Sahl ibn Hunayf, from his father Abu Umamah, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Kab ibn Malik, who said: I used to guide my father after he lost his sight. Whenever I took him out to the Friday prayer and he heard the call to prayer, he would ask forgiveness for Abu Umamah Asad ibn Zurarah and pray for him. I heard him do this for some time, then I thought to myself: By Allah, this is negligence on my part. Every time he hears the call to Friday prayer, he asks forgiveness for Abu Umamah and prays for him, yet I have not asked why. I took him out to Friday prayer as usual. When he heard the call, he asked forgiveness as he always did. I said to him: Father, why do you pray for Asad ibn Zurarah every time you hear the call to Friday prayer? He said: My son, he was the first to lead us in the Friday prayer before the Messenger of Allah arrived from Mecca, at Naqi al-Khadamat, in a valley of the lava field of Banu Bayadah. I asked: How many were you then? He said: Forty men.