Establishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Mulazim ibn Amr narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Badr, who said: Abd al-Rahman ibn Ali ibn Shayban narrated to me, from his father Ali ibn Shayban, who was among the delegation. He said: We set out and came to the Prophet, pledged allegiance to him, and prayed behind him. Then we prayed another prayer behind him. When he finished the prayer, he saw a man standing alone and praying behind the row. As the Prophet of Allah turned away, he stopped by him and said: “Repeat your prayer; there is no prayer for one who prays behind the row.”

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Idris narrated to us, from Husayn, from Hilal ibn Yasaf, who said: Ziyad ibn Abi al-Jaad took me by the hand and brought me to an old man in al-Raqqah called Wabisah ibn Mabad. He said: A man prayed alone behind the row, so the Prophet ordered him to repeat the prayer.

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Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Muawiyah ibn Hisham narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Usamah ibn Zayd, from Uthman ibn Urwah, from Urwah, from Aishah, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: “Allah and His angels bless the right sides of the rows.”

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Ali ibn Muhammad narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Misar, from Thabit ibn Ubayd, from the son of al-Bara ibn Azib, from al-Bara, who said: When we prayed behind the Messenger of Allah—we loved, or I loved, to stand at his right side. Misar said: I am unsure whether he said we loved or I loved.

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Muhammad ibn Abi al-Husayn Abu Jafar narrated to us: Amr ibn Uthman al-Kilabi narrated to us: Ubaydullah ibn Amr al-Raqqi narrated to us, from Layth ibn Abi Sulaym, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: It was said to the Prophet that the left side of the mosque had become deserted. The Prophet said: “Whoever populates the left side of the mosque will have two shares of reward recorded for him.”

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Al-Abbas ibn Uthman al-Dimashqi narrated to us: Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us: Malik ibn Anas narrated to us, from Jafar ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Jabir, who said: When the Messenger of Allah had finished circumambulating the House, he went to the Station of Ibrahim. Umar said, Messenger of Allah, this is the station of our father Ibrahim, about which Allah said, Take the Station of Ibrahim as a place of prayer. Al-Walid said: I asked Malik whether he had recited the verse that way, and he replied that he had.

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Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us, from Humayd al-Tawil, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: Umar said: I said, Messenger of Allah, if only you took the Station of Ibrahim as a place of prayer. Then the verse was revealed: “Take the Station of Ibrahim as a place of prayer.”

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Alqamah ibn Amr al-Darimi narrated to us: Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara, who said: We prayed with the Messenger of Allah toward Jerusalem for eighteen months. The direction of prayer was changed to the Kaaba two months after he entered Medina. When the Messenger of Allah prayed toward Jerusalem, he often turned his face toward the sky. Allah knew that His Prophet longed for the Kaaba, so Gabriel ascended, and the Messenger of Allah followed him with his gaze as he rose between heaven and earth, watching for what he would bring. Then Allah revealed: We have certainly seen the turning of your face toward the heaven. A messenger came to us and said, The direction of prayer has been changed to the Kaaba. We had prayed two units facing Jerusalem and were bowing, so we turned and continued from where we had reached in our prayer. The Messenger of Allah said, Gabriel, what is the status of our prayers toward Jerusalem? Then Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: Allah would never let your faith go to waste.

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Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Azdi narrated to us: Hashim ibn al-Qasim narrated to us. And Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Naysaburi narrated to us, saying: Asim ibn Ali narrated to us. Both said: Abu Mashar narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Amr, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: “What lies between east and west is a direction of prayer.”

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Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir al-Hizami and Yaqub ibn Humayd ibn Kasib narrated to us; they said: Ibn Abi Fudayk narrated to us, from Kathir ibn Zayd, from al-Muttalib ibn Abdullah, from Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah said: “When one of you enters the mosque, let him not sit down until he has prayed two units.”

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Al-Abbas ibn Uthman narrated to us: Al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us: Malik ibn Anas narrated to us, from Amir ibn Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, from Amr ibn Sulaym al-Zuraqi, from Abu Qatadah: The Prophet said: “When one of you enters the mosque, let him pray two units before sitting down.”

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Ismail ibn Ulayyah narrated to us, from Said ibn Abi Arubah, from Qatadah, from Salim ibn Abi al-Jad al-Ghatfani, from Madan ibn Abi Talhah al-Yamuri: Umar ibn al-Khattab stood to deliver a sermon on Friday—or delivered a Friday sermon. He praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: People, you eat two plants that I consider foul: garlic and onion. In the time of the Messenger of Allah, I used to see a man whose odor could be smelled; he would be taken by the hand and led out to al-Baqi. Whoever must eat them should cook them thoroughly.

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Abu Marwan al-Uthmani narrated to us: Ibrahim ibn Sad narrated to us, from Ibn Shihab, from Said ibn al-Musayyab, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: Whoever eats from this plant, garlic, should not harm us with it in this mosque of ours. Ibrahim said: My father would add leek and onion to this report from the Prophet, meaning he adds them to the report of Abu Hurayrah about garlic.

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Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us: Abdullah ibn Raja al-Makki narrated to us, from Ubaydullah ibn Umar, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever eats anything from this plant should not come to the mosque.”

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Ali ibn Muhammad al-Tanafisi narrated to us: He said: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated to us, from Zayd ibn Aslam, from Abdullah ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah came to the mosque of Quba to pray there. Some men of the Ansar came to greet him. I asked Suhayb, who was with him, “How did the Messenger of Allah respond to them?” He said, “He gestured with his hand.”

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Muhammad ibn Rumh al-Misri informed us: Al-Layth ibn Sad informed us, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir, who said: The Prophet sent me on an errand. Then I caught up with him while he was praying and greeted him. He gestured to me. When he had finished, he called me and said: “You greeted me just now while I was praying.”

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Ahmad ibn Said al-Darimi narrated to us: Al-Nadr ibn Shumayl narrated to us: Yunus ibn Abi Ishaq narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Abu al-Ahwas, from Abdullah, who said: We used to greet one another during the prayer, but we were told, “Prayer has its own occupation.”

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Yahya ibn Hakim narrated to us: Abu Dawud narrated to us: Ashath ibn Said Abu al-Rabi al-Samman narrated to us, from Asim ibn Ubaydullah, from Abdullah ibn Amir ibn Rabi, from his father, who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah on a journey. The sky became overcast, and the direction of prayer was unclear to us, so we prayed, uncertain of the direction. When the sun rose, we realized that we had prayed facing a direction other than the qibla. We mentioned this to the Prophet, and Allah revealed: “Wherever you turn, there is the Face of Allah.”

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Waki narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Mansur, from Ribi ibn Hirash, from Tariq ibn Abdullah al-Muharibi, who said: The Prophet said: “When you pray, do not spit in front of you or to your right. Rather, spit to your left or beneath your foot.”

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Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Ismail ibn Ulayyah narrated to us, from al-Qasim ibn Mihran, from Abu Rafi, from Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah saw some phlegm in the direction faced during prayer in the mosque. He turned to the people and said: “What is wrong with one of you that he stands facing”—meaning, his Lord—“then spits in front of him? Would any of you like someone to face him and spit in his face? When one of you spits, let him spit to his left, or do this in his garment.” Then Ismail showed me how he spat into his garment and rubbed it.