Sahih al-Bukhari
Call to Prayers (Adhaan)
كتاب الأذان
Chapter 163: The waiting of the people for the religious learned Imam to get up (after the prayer to depart)
انْتِظَارِ النَّاسِ قِيَامَ الإِمَامِ الْعَالِمِ
When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) finished the Fajr prayer, the women would leave covered in their sheets and were not recognized owing to the darkness.
My father said, "Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Whenever I stand for prayer, I want to prolong it but on hearing the cries of a child, I would shorten it as I dislike to put its mother in trouble."
Had Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) known what the women were doing, he would have forbidden them from going to the mosque as the women of Bani Israel had been forbidden. Yahya bin Sa`id (a sub-narrator) asked `Amra (another sub-narrator), "Were the women of Bani Israel forbidden?" She replied "Yes."
Chapter 164: The Salat (prayer) of women behind men
صَلاَةِ النِّسَاءِ خَلْفَ الرِّجَالِ
Whenever Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) completed the prayer with Taslim, the women used to get up immediately and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) would remain at his place for someone before getting up. (The sub-narrator (Az- Zuhri) said, "We think, and Allah knows better, that he did so, so that the women might leave before men could get in touch with them).
The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed in the house of Um Sulaim; and I, along with an orphan stood behind him while Um Sulaim (stood) behind us.
Chapter 165: Returning of the women immediately after the Fajr prayer and their staying in the mosque for a short period only
سُرْعَةِ انْصِرَافِ النِّسَاءِ مِنَ الصُّبْحِ، وَقِلَّةِ مَقَامِهِنَّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to offer the Fajr prayer when it was still dark and the believing women used to return (after finishing their prayer) and nobody could recognize them owing to darkness, or they could not recognize one another.
Chapter 166: A women shall ask her husband's permission (on wishing) to go to the mosque.
اسْتِئْذَانِ الْمَرْأَةِ زَوْجَهَا بِالْخُرُوجِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ
My father said, "The Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'If the wife of any one of you asks permission (to go to the mosque) do not forbid her."
The Prophet (ﷺ) prayed in the house of Um Sulaim; and I, along with an orphan stood behind him while Um Sulaim (stood) behind us.
Whenever Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) completed the Salat with Taslim, the women used to get up immediately and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) would remain at his place for sometime before getting up. The subnarrator (Az-Zuhri) said, "We think, and Allah knows better, that he did so, so that the women might leave before the men could catch up with them."