Sunan Ibn Majah
The Chapters on Rulings
كتاب الأحكام
Chapter 10
بِمَا يُسْتَحْلَفُ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali bin Muhammad narrated to us: Abu Usamah narrated to us, from Mujalid, who informed us, from Amir, from Jabir bin Abdullah: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to two Jewish men: I adjure you both by Allah, Who sent down the Torah to Musa, peace be upon him.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic addresses two Jewish men and preserves the supplicatory phrase “peace be upon him” after Musa.
Chapter 11
الرَّجُلاَنِ يَدَّعِيَانِ السِّلْعَةَ وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Khalid bin Al-Harith narrated to us: Said bin Abi Arubah narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Khilas, from Abu Rafi, from Abu Hurairah, who mentioned that two men claimed ownership of an animal, and neither of them had proof. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to draw lots over which one should swear the oath.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says “a beast/animal” and that they draw lots concerning the oath; it does not explain the later procedure in this wording.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ishaq bin Mansur, Muhammad bin Mamar, and Zuhair bin Muhammad narrated to us. They said: Rawh bin Ubadah narrated to us: Said narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Said bin Abi Burdah, from his father, from Abu Musa: Two men brought a dispute concerning an animal before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and neither had proof. So he divided it between them into two equal shares.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says the two men disputed before him over an animal and he made it into two halves; it does not specify whether the division was physical or a ruling of equal entitlement.
Chapter 12
مَنْ سُرِقَ لَهُ شَىْءٌ فَوَجَدَهُ فِي يَدِ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَاهُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali bin Muhammad narrated to us: Abu Muawiyah narrated to us: Hajjaj narrated to us, from Said bin Ubaid bin Zaid bin Uqbah, from his father, from Samurah bin Jundub, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If a man loses an item of property, or it is stolen from him, then finds it in the possession of a man who is selling it, he has the greater right to it, and the buyer may seek the price back from the seller.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says an item is lost or stolen and later found with someone selling it; it states the buyer recovers the price from the seller, without specifying the legal process.
Chapter 13
الْحُكْمِ فِيمَا أَفْسَدَتِ الْمَوَاشِي بِاللَّيْلِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad bin Ramh Al-Misri narrated to us: Al-Laith bin Sad informed us, from Ibn Shihab, that Ibn Muhaysah Al-Ansari informed him that a she-camel belonging to Al-Bara was unruly and entered a walled garden belonging to some people, damaging it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was consulted about it and ruled that people are responsible for guarding their property by day, and livestock owners are responsible for what their livestock damage by night.
Al-Hasan bin Ali bin Affan narrated to us: Muawiyah bin Hisham narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Abdullah bin Isa, from Al-Zuhri, from Haram bin Muhaysah, from Al-Bara bin Azib: A she-camel belonging to the family of Al-Bara damaged something, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that its like be compensated.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source contains two transmission wordings: the first gives a general day/night rule following damage by Al-Bara camel; the second says only that a camel from his household damaged something and that equivalent compensation was ruled.
Chapter 14
الْحُكْمِ فِيمَنْ كَسَرَ شَيْئًا
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Sharik bin Abdullah narrated to us, from Qais bin Wahb, from a man of Banu Suwaah, who said: I said to Aishah: Tell me about the character of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She said: Do you not read the Quran? “Indeed, you are of tremendous character.” She said: The Messenger of Allah was with his Companions, and I prepared food for him, as did Hafsah. Hafsah got ahead of me, so I told the young woman: Go and overturn her serving bowl. She caught up with Hafsah just as she was about to set it before the Messenger of Allah, and she overturned it; the bowl broke and the food scattered. The Messenger of Allah gathered the bowl and the food that was in it on the leather mat, and they ate. Then he sent for my serving bowl and handed it to Hafsah, saying: Take a vessel in place of your vessel. I never saw that on the face of the Messenger of Allah.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The narrator from Banu Suwaah is unnamed in the Arabic. Al-nitʿ is rendered as a leather mat or spread; the exact object may be a leather eating cloth. “Young woman” translates al-jariyah without adding a personal name.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad bin Al-Muthanna narrated to us: Khalid bin Al-Harith narrated to us: Humayd narrated to us, from Anas bin Malik, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was with one of the Mothers of the Believers when another sent a serving bowl containing food. She struck the Messenger hand, and the bowl fell and broke. The Messenger of Allah took the two pieces, joined one to the other, and began gathering the food in it, saying: Your mother was jealous; eat. They ate until she brought the serving bowl that was in her house. He then gave the intact bowl to the Messenger and left the broken one in the house of the woman who had broken it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
“Your mother was jealous” is the Prophet quoted directly in the Arabic. The Arabic does not name either wife in this report.
Chapter 15
الرَّجُلِ يَضَعُ خَشَبَةً عَلَى جِدَارِ جَارِهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hisham bin Ammar and Muhammad bin Al-Sabbah narrated to us. They both said: Sufyan bin Uyaynah narrated to us, from Al-Zuhri, from Abdur-Rahman Al-Araj, who said: I heard Abu Hurairah, attributing it to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), say: If one of you is asked by his neighbor for permission to set a wooden beam into his wall, he should not prevent him. When Abu Hurairah told them this, they lowered their heads. When he saw them, he said: Why do I see you turning away from it? By Allah, I will surely cast it between your shoulders.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The final expression is a stern idiom: literally, “I will surely throw it between your shoulders.” The referent of “it” is the teaching/permission just mentioned, not a physical beam.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bishr, Bakr bin Khalaf, narrated to us: Abu Asim narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Amr bin Dinar, that Hisham bin Yahya informed him that Ikrimah bin Salamah informed him that two brothers from Banu Al-Mughirah had agreed that one of them would not set beams into his wall. Mujammi bin Yazid and many men of the Ansar came and said: We bear witness that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: None of you should prevent his neighbor from setting a wooden beam into his wall. He said: My brother, judgment has been given in your favor against me, but I have sworn an oath. So set up a pillar alongside my wall—or my building—and place your beam upon it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic source has wording uncertainty in the final phrase: “alongside my wall or my building.” The agreement between the brothers is rendered closely; it does not specify more about the oath.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Harmalah bin Yahya narrated to us: Abdullah bin Wahb narrated to us: Ibn Lahi ah informed me, from Abu Al-Aswad, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: None of you should prevent his neighbor from placing a wooden beam on his wall.
Chapter 16
إِذَا تَشَاجَرُوا فِي قَدْرِ الطَّرِيقِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Waki narrated to us: Muthanna bin Said Al-Duba i narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Bashir bin Kab, from Abu Hurairah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Make the road seven cubits wide.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic gives the measurement in cubits (dhira); it does not specify a modern unit conversion.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad bin Yahya and Muhammad bin Umar bin Hayyaj narrated to us. They both said: Qabisah narrated to us: Sufyan narrated to us, from Simak, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When you disagree about the road, make it seven cubits wide.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic measurement is seven cubits (adhru); it gives no modern unit conversion.
Chapter 17
مَنْ بَنَى فِي حَقِّهِ مَا يَضُرُّ بِجَارِهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abd Rabbihi bin Khalid Al-Numayri, Abu Al-Mughallis, narrated to us: Fudayl bin Sulayman narrated to us: Musa bin Uqbah narrated to us: Ishaq bin Yahya bin Al-Walid narrated to us, from Ubadah bin Al-Samit, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled: There is to be neither harm nor reciprocating harm.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic legal maxim is la darar wa la dirar. Reciprocating harm preserves the second term sense of causing harm in return; English renderings vary.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad bin Yahya narrated to us: Abdur-Razzaq narrated to us: Mamar informed us, from Jabir Al-Jufi, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: There is to be neither harm nor reciprocating harm.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic repeats the legal maxim la darar wa la dirar; “reciprocating harm” retains the nuance of the second term.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad bin Ramh narrated to us: Al-Laith bin Sad informed us, from Yahya bin Said, from Muhammad bin Yahya bin Habban, from Luluah, from Abu Sirmah, from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: Whoever causes harm, Allah will harm him; and whoever makes things difficult, Allah will make things difficult for him.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic has two distinct verbs: darra and shaqqa, corresponding broadly to causing harm and imposing hardship.
Chapter 18
الرَّجُلاَنِ يَدَّعِيَانِ فِي خُصٍّ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad bin Al-Sabbah and Ammar bin Khalid Al-Wasiti narrated to us. They both said: Abu Bakr bin Ayyash narrated to us, from Dahtham bin Qurran, from Nimran bin Jariyah, from his father, that some people brought a dispute concerning a hut they shared before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He sent Hudhayfah to judge between them. Hudhayfah ruled in favor of those whose side the qimt was beside. When he returned to the Prophet and informed him, he said: You judged correctly and well.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic term al-qimt in the description of the hut is unclear in the source context; it is retained in transliteration rather than guessed. The identity of the disputing people is not specified.
Chapter 19
مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ الْخَلاَصَ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Yahya bin Hakim narrated to us: Abu Al-Walid narrated to us: Hammam narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Al-Hasan, from Samurah bin Jundub, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: If a sale is made to two men, then the sale belongs to the first. Abu Al-Walid said regarding this hadith: It invalidates al-khalas.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The compiler transmits Abu Al-Walid comment that the report “invalidates al-khalas”; the precise technical sense of al-khalas is unclear here, so the term is retained rather than replaced with an assumed doctrine.
Chapter 20
الْقَضَاءِ بِالْقُرْعَةِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Nasr bin Ali Al-Jahdami and Muhammad bin Al-Muthanna narrated to us. They both said: Abd Al-Ala narrated to us: Khalid Al-Hadhdha narrated to us, from Abu Qilabah, from Abu Al-Muhallab, from Imran bin Husain, that a man owned six enslaved persons and had no property other than them. He emancipated them all at the time of his death. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided them and emancipated two, while keeping the other four enslaved.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic states the man had no property except the six enslaved persons. It does not identify them by gender. The allocation is rendered without adding a rationale not stated in this wording.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Jamil bin Al-Hasan Al-Ataki narrated to us: Abd Al-Ala narrated to us: Said narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Khilas, from Abu Rafi, from Abu Hurairah: Two men disputed over a sale, and neither had proof. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to draw lots as to which of them should swear the oath, whether they liked it or disliked it.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic explicitly says they were to draw lots for the oath whether they liked or disliked doing so.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah narrated to us: Yahya bin Yaman narrated to us, from Mamar, from Al-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Aishah: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) travelled, he drew lots among his wives.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic only says that he drew lots among his wives when travelling; it does not explicitly state in this wording what the lot determined.