The Chapters on Rulings

كتاب الأحكام

Chapter 1: Mention Of Judges

It was narrated that 'Ali said

“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me to Yemen. I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, you are sending me to judge between them while I am a young man, and I do not know how to judge.' He struck me on the chest with his hand and said: 'O Allah, guide his heart and make his tongue steadfast.' And after that I never doubted in passing judgment between two people.”

Chapter 5: The Ruling Of A judge Does Not Make What Is Permissible Forbidden

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

“I am only human, and some of you may be more eloquent in presenting your case than others. If I pass a judgement in his favor that detracts from his brother's rights, I am giving him a piece of fire.”

Chapter 7: The Burden Of Proof Rests With The Plaintiff And An Oath Is Required From The One The Cla

It was narrated that Ash'ath bin Qais Said

“There was a dispute between myself and a Jewish man concerning some land, and he denied me my rights so I brought him to the Prophet (ﷺ). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me: 'Do you have proof' I said: 'No.’ He said to the Jews, 'Swear an oath.' I said: 'If he swears an oath he will take my property.' Then Allah, Glorious is He, revealed: 'Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter (Paradise). Neither will Allah neither speak to them nor look at them on the Day of Resurrection nor will He purifies them, and they shall have a painful torment.'”

Chapter 9: Swearing An Oath At The Time Of Usurping People's Rights

Muhammad bin Yahya, who is Abu Yunus Al-Qawi, said

I heard Abu Salamah say: I heard Abu Hurairah say: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'No man or woman swears a false oath beside this pulpit, even if it is for a fresh twig, but he will be doomed to Hell.”

Chapter 15: A Man Fixing Wood To The Wall Of His Neighbor

It was narrated that Anas bin Malik said

“The Prophet (ﷺ): 'When anyone of you asks his neighbor for permission to fix a piece of wood to his wall, he should not refuse him. 'When Abu Hurairah told them this, they lowered their heads, and when he saw them he said: 'Why do I see you turning away from it? By Allah, I will force you to accept it.' ”

It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

“No one of you should refuse to let his neighbor fix a piece of wood to his wall.”

Chapter 16: When There Is A Dispute As To How Wide A Road Or Path Should Be

It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

“When you dispute concerning a path, make it seven forearms length wide.' ”

Chapter 20: Passing Judgment By Casting Lots

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that

two men disputed concerning a transaction, and neither of them had proof. The Messenger of Allah commanded them to draw lots as to which of them should swear an oath, whether they liked it or not.

Chapter 25: Bankruptcy Of A Poor Man, And Selling His Assets To Pay Off His Creditors

It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri said

“At the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), a man suffered loss of some fruit that he had purchase, and his debts increased. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Give him charity.' So the people gave him charity, but that was not enough to pay off his debts. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Take what you find, but you have no right to more than that, meaning his creditors.”

It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that

the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) rid Mu'adh bin Jabal of his creditors, then he appointed him governor of Yemen. Mu'adh said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) settled my debts with my creditors using what wealth I had, then he appointed me as governor.”

Chapter 26: One Who finds His Exact Property With A Man Who Has Become Bankrupt

It was narrated that Ibn Khaldah, who was a judge in Al-Madinah, said

We came to Abu Hurairah and asked him about a companion of ours who had become bankrupt. He said: “This is what the Prophet (ﷺ) ruled: 'Any man who dies or becomes bankrupt, the owner of the product has more right to it, if he finds the exact thing.”

Chapter 1: Mention Of Judges

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said

“Whoever is appointed judge between the people, he has been slaughtered without a knife.”

Chapter 2: Emphatic Prohibition against Injustice and Bribery

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Abu Awfa that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

“Allah is with the judge so long as he is not unjust, but if he rules unjustly, He entrusts him to himself.”

It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

“The curse of Allah is upon the one who offers a bribe and the one who takes it.”

Chapter 3: When The Judge Does His Best (To Reach A Verdict) And Gets It Right

It was narrated from 'Amr bin 'As that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say

“When the judge passes a judgement and does his best and gets it right, he will have two rewards, and if he passes a judgement and does his best and gets it wrong, he will have one reward.” (Sahih)Yazid (one of narrators) said : “So I Narrated it to Abu Bakr bin 'Amr bin Hazm. He said: 'This is how it was narrated to me by Abu Salamah from Abu Hurairah.'”

Chapter 6: One Who Claims Something Does Not Belong To Him And Disputes About It

It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said

“Whoever takes the wrongdoer's side in a dispute or supports wrongdoing, he will remain subject to the wrath of Allah until he gives it up.”

Chapter 8: Who Swears A False Oath In Order To Seize Wealth Unlawfully

Abu Umamah Al-Harithi narrated that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say

“No man seizes the wealth of a Muslim unlawfully by means of his (false) oath, but Allah will deny Paradise to him and will doom him to Hell.” A man among the people said: “O Messenger of Allah, even if it is something small?” He said: “Even if it is a twig of an Arak tree.”

Chapter 10: What The People Of The Book Should Be Asked To Swear By

It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to two Jews

“Swear by Allah Who sent the Tawrah down to Musa, peace be upon him.”

Chapter 13: Ruling On Property Damaged By Livestock

It was narrated from Ibn Shihab that

Ibn Muhayyisah Al-Ansari told him that a she-camel belonging to Bara used to wander free. It entered a garden belonging to some people and caused some damage. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was told of that, and he ruled that property was to be protected by its owners of livestock were responsible for any damage caused by their animals during the night.

Chapter 14: Ruling Concerning One Who Breaks Something

It was narrated that Anas bin Malik said

“The Prophet (ﷺ) was with one of the Mothers of the Believers (his wives) and another (wife) sent a bowl containing food. She (the first wife) struck the hand of the Messenger of (ﷺ) and the bowl fell and broke. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took the two pieces and put them back together, then he started gathering up the food and putting it in (the bowl). He said: 'Your mother was jealous. Eat.' So they ate, and she (the wife who broke the bowl) brought the bowl that was in her house and gave the intact bowl to the Messenger (ﷺ), who left the broken bowl in the house of the one who broke it.”