Judgments

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "the just Qadi (judge) will be called (forth) on the Day of Resurrection and he will wish he had never given judgement even between two men throughout his life, due to the severity of the account he will face."[Reported by Ibn Hibban. al-Baihaqi reported it with the wording: "...concerning a single tamrah (date fruit).

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever is placed by Allah over any matter of the affairs of the Muslims, and then conceals himself (i.e. holds back) from dealing with their needs and their poor (people), Allah will conceal Himself (i.e. hold back) from fulfilling his needs."[Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi reported it].

The Prophet (ﷺ) suggested to some people that they should take an oath (Yamin) and when they hastened to do so he ordered that lots should be cast among them concerning the oath, as to which of them should take it.[Reported by al-Bukhari].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "There are three to whom Allah will not speak to on the Day of Resurrection, not will He look at them, nor will He purify them, and they will have a painful punishment. (1) A man at a place with excess water in the desert and who withholds it from the travelers. (2) A man who sold a commodity to another person in the afternoon (or after the 'Asr prayer) and swore to him by Allah that he had bought it at such and such price and he (the buyer) believed him yet that was not the case. (3) And a man who pledged allegiance to an Imam only for the sake of the world (material gains). Hence, if the Imam bestowed on him something out of that (i.e. worldly riches) he stood by his pledge of allegiance, and if he did not give him, he did not fulfill the pledge of allegiance."[Agreed upon].

The Prophet (ﷺ) re-directed al-Yamin (the oath to be sword by the defendant) to the one making the claim to some right.[ad-Daraqutni reported the two aforesaid Ahadith, and there is weakness in their chain of narrators].

One day the Prophet (ﷺ) came to me overjoyed, his face shining (from happiness) and said, "Did you not see that Mujazziz al-Mudliji (a physiognomist) looked at Zaid bin Harithah and Usama bin Zaid, and then said, 'These feet (of Zaid and Usama) are related to one another.'"[Agreed upon].

"al-Qudat (judges) are of three types, two of whom will go to Hell and one to Paradise. The one who will go to Paradise is a man who knows what is right and gives judgement accordingly. However, a man who knows what is right, and does not give judgement accordingly and acts unjustly in his judgement, will be in the Hell-fire. Likewise, a man who does not know what is right and judges people with ignorance, will be in the Hell-fire."[Reported by al-Arba'a, and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "You will eagerly seek out the office of governorship, but it will become a cause of regret on the Day of Resurrection. How excellent it is as a Murdi'ah (wet nurse)! And how evil it is as a Fatimah (one who weans)![Reported by al-Bukhari].

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "No judge should give judgement between two people while he is angry."[Agreed upon].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Indeed, you bring your disputers to me, and perhaps some of you are more eloquent in their plea than others, so that I give judgement on their behalf according to what I hear from them. Therefore, whatever I rule for anyone which by right belongs to his brother, I am only granting him a portion of Hell-fire."[Agreed upon].

And another [Shahid (supporting chain)] from the Hadith of Abu Sa'id, reported by Ibn Majah.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A people who make a woman their ruler will never be successful."[Reported by al-Bukhari].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "It is not permissible to accept the testimony of a man or a woman who does not fulfill their trusts, or of one who harbors a grudge against his brother, or the testimony of one who is dependent on a family (to testify) for members of the family."[Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud].

He heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say. "The testimony of a bedouin against a city dweller is not permissible."[Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah].

The Prophet (ﷺ) said to a man, "Do you see the sun?" He replied, "Yes." He said, "Give witness in a similar case [which is as clear as the sun], or leave it."[Ibn 'Adi reported it with a Da'if (weak) chain or narrators, and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic), but he was mistaken].

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ruled on the basis of an oath and a single witness.[Muslim, Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i reported it, the latter said that it has a Jayyid (good) chain or narrators].