Jami' at-Tirmidhi
The Book on Jihad
كتاب الجهاد عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
Chapter 1
مَا جَاءَ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ لأَهْلِ الْعُذْرِ فِي الْقُعُودِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Nasr ibn Ali al-Jahdami reported to us from al-Mutamir ibn Sulayman, from his father, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara ibn Azib, that the Messenger of Allah said: Bring me a shoulder blade or a tablet. Then he wrote: Those who remain seated among the believers are not equal. Amr ibn Umm Maktum was behind him and asked, Is there an exemption for me? Then this was revealed: Except those with an impairment.
Reports on this subject also come from Ibn Abbas, Jabir, and Zayd ibn Thabit. This hadith is hasan sahih, and it is gharib through the report of Sulayman al-Taymi from Abu Ishaq. Shu bah and al-Thawri also transmitted this hadith from Abu Ishaq.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The cited Arabic says ‘those who remain seated’ and then gives the exception ‘except those with an impairment’; the quoted passage is partial, as in the source.
Chapter 2
مَا جَاءَ فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ فِي الْغَزْوِ وَتَرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Bashshar reported to us from Yahya ibn Said, from Sufyan and Shu bah, from Habib ibn Abi Thabit, from Abu al-Abbas, from Abdullah ibn Amr, who said: A man came to the Prophet seeking permission to take part in jihad. The Prophet asked him, Are your parents alive? He said, Yes. The Prophet said, Then strive in their service.
Abu Isa said: Reports on this subject also come from Ibn Abbas. This hadith is hasan sahih. Abu al-Abbas is the blind Meccan poet, whose name is al-Saib ibn Farrukh.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The English witness attributes the report to Abdullah ibn Umar, while the Arabic chain and text name Abdullah ibn Amr. The translation follows the Arabic source.
عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو
The English witness names Abdullah ibn Umar, but the Arabic names Abdullah ibn Amr.
Which companion attribution is intended by the source edition?
Chapter 3
مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُبْعَثُ وَحْدَهُ سَرِيَّةً
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Naysaburi reported to us from al-Hajjaj ibn Muhammad, from Ibn Jurayj, concerning the saying of Allah, ‘Obey Allah, obey the Messenger, and those in authority among you.’ Ibn Jurayj said: Abdullah ibn Hudhafah ibn Qays ibn Adi al-Sahmi was appointed by the Messenger of Allah over a military detachment. Ya la ibn Muslim informed me of this, from Said ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih gharib. We know it only through the report of Ibn Jurayj.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic passage reports Ibn Jurayj’s explanation concerning the quoted verse; it is not presented as a saying of the Prophet.
Chapter 4
مَا جَاءَ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ الرَّجُلُ وَحْدَهُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Abdah al-Dabbi al-Basri reported to us from Sufyan ibn Uyaynah, from Asim ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Ibn Umar, that the Messenger of Allah said: If people knew what I know about traveling alone, no rider would set out at night. That is, alone.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ishaq ibn Musa al-Ansari reported to us from Ma n, from Malik, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Harmalah, from Amr ibn Shuayb, from his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah said: A lone rider is a shaytan, two riders are two shaytans, and three make a traveling party.
Abu Isa said: The hadith of Ibn Umar is hasan sahih. We know it only through this chain, from Asim, who is Asim ibn Muhammad ibn Zayd ibn Abdullah ibn Umar. The hadith of Abdullah ibn Amr is hasan. Muhammad said: He is trustworthy and truthful. Asim ibn Umar al-Umari is weak in hadith; I do not report anything from him. The hadith of Abdullah ibn Amr is hasan.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic repeats that the hadith of Abdullah ibn Amr is hasan. The English witness instead says it is ‘better’; that comparative wording is not present in the Arabic text.
وَحَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ
The Arabic says this report is hasan, while the English witness describes it as better and includes a reference number absent from Arabic.
Should the comparative wording and reference in the witness be reviewed against the source edition?
Chapter 5
مَا جَاءَ فِي الرُّخْصَةِ فِي الْكَذِبِ وَالْخَدِيعَةِ فِي الْحَرْبِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Mani and Nasr ibn Ali reported to us, saying: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah reported to us from Amr ibn Dinar, who heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say: The Messenger of Allah said: War is stratagem.
Abu Isa said: Reports on this subject also come from Ali, Zayd ibn Thabit, Aishah, Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurairah, Asma bint Yazid ibn al-Sakan, Kab ibn Malik, and Anas ibn Malik. This hadith is hasan sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Khud ah conveys stratagem or deception in warfare; ‘stratagem’ preserves the tactical sense of the Arabic expression.
Chapter 6
مَا جَاءَ فِي غَزَوَاتِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَكَمْ غَزَا
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Mahmud ibn Ghaylan reported to us from Wahb ibn Jarir and Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi, who both said: Shu bah reported to us from Abu Ishaq, who said: I was beside Zayd ibn Arqam when he was asked, How many military campaigns did the Prophet undertake? He said, Nineteen. I asked, How many did you take part in with him? He said, Seventeen. I asked, Which one was first? He said, Dhat al-Ushayrah—or al-Usayrah.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic preserves uncertainty between the place names Dhat al-Ushayrah and al-Usayrah.
Chapter 7
مَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّفِّ وَالتَّعْبِئَةِ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Razi reported to us from Salamah ibn al-Fadl, from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, who said: The Prophet arrayed us at Badr during the night.
Abu Isa said: A report on this subject also comes from Abu Ayyub. This hadith is gharib; we know it only through this chain. I asked Muhammad ibn Ismail about this hadith, but he did not know it. He said that Muhammad ibn Ishaq had heard from Ikrimah. When I saw him, he thought well of Muhammad ibn Humayd al-Razi; later he regarded him as weak.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The report’s wording concerns the Prophet arranging or deploying them at Badr during the night.
Chapter 8
مَا جَاءَ فِي الدُّعَاءِ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Mani reported to us from Yazid ibn Harun, from Ismail ibn Abi Khalid, from Ibn Abi Awfa, who said: I heard him—that is, the Prophet—supplicating against the confederates. He said: O Allah, Revealer of the Book, swift in reckoning, defeat the confederates! O Allah, defeat them and shake them.
Abu Isa said: A report on this subject also comes from Ibn Masud. This hadith is hasan sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic explicitly clarifies that ‘him’ refers to the Prophet.
Chapter 9
مَا جَاءَ فِي الأَلْوِيَةِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Walid al-Kindi al-Kufi, Abu Kurayb, and Muhammad ibn Rafi reported to us, saying: Yahya ibn Adam reported to us from Sharik, from Ammar—meaning al-Duhni—from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir, that the Prophet entered Makkah while his standard was white.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is gharib; we know it only through the report of Yahya ibn Adam from Sharik. I asked Muhammad about this hadith, but he knew it only through the report of Yahya ibn Adam from Sharik. He said: More than one narrator reported to us from Sharik, from Ammar, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir, that the Prophet entered Makkah wearing a black turban. Muhammad said: This is the hadith.
Abu Isa said: Al-Duhn is a branch of Bajilah. Ammar al-Duhni is Ammar ibn Muawiyah al-Duhni; his kunya is Abu Muawiyah. He is from Kufa and is considered trustworthy by hadith scholars.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic distinguishes the main report (white standard) from a variant (black turban). In the latter chain, it says ‘from Ammar, from Abu al-Zubayr’; the English witness compresses this as ‘Ammar bin Abu Az-Zubair.’
عَنْ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ
The Arabic has two transmitters, Ammar and Abu al-Zubayr, connected by ‘from’; the English witness merges their names.
Should the English chain be checked against the source edition?
Chapter 10
مَا جَاءَ فِي الرَّايَاتِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Mani reported to us from Yahya ibn Zakariyya ibn Abi Za idah, from Abu Yaqub al-Thaqafi, from Yunus ibn Ubayd, the freedman of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, who said: Muhammad ibn al-Qasim sent me to al-Bara ibn Azib to ask him about the banner of the Messenger of Allah. He said: It was black, square, and made of namirah.
Abu Isa said: Reports on this subject also come from Ali, al-Harith ibn Hassan, and Ibn Abbas. Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan gharib. We know it only through the report of Ibn Abi Za idah. Abu Yaqub al-Thaqafi’s name was Ishaq ibn Ibrahim, and Ubaidullah ibn Musa also narrated from him.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Namirah is retained as a textile term because the Arabic does not further specify the material in this passage.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Rafi reported to us from Yahya ibn Ishaq—al-Salahani—from Yazid ibn Hayyan, who said: I heard Abu Mijlaz, Lahiq ibn Humayd, narrate from Ibn Abbas, who said: The banner (rayah) of the Messenger of Allah was black, and his standard (liwa) was white.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan gharib through this chain, from Ibn Abbas.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic uses two distinct terms for the flags: rayah and liwa; the English witness renders them as flag and standard.
Chapter 11
مَا جَاءَ فِي الشِّعَارِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Mahmud ibn Ghaylan reported to us from Waki, from Sufyan, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufrah, from someone who heard the Prophet say: If the enemy attacks you by night, say, Ha Mim; they will not be helped.
Abu Isa said: A report on this subject also comes from Salamah ibn al-Akwa. Some narrators transmitted it from Abu Ishaq in the same way as Sufyan’s report. It has also been transmitted from Abu Ishaq, from al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufrah, from the Prophet, with an omitted intermediary (mursal).
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The intermediary in the first chain is left unnamed in the Arabic. Ha Mim is retained as the Arabic opening letters, without adding an interpretation.
Chapter 12
مَا جَاءَ فِي صِفَةِ سَيْفِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Shuja al-Baghdadi reported to us from Abu Ubaydah al-Haddad, from Uthman ibn Sad, from Ibn Sirin, who said: I made my sword to match the sword of Samurah ibn Jundab. Samurah claimed that he had made his sword to match the sword of the Messenger of Allah, and it was Hanafiyyah.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is gharib; we know it only through this chain. Yahya ibn Said al-Qattan criticized Uthman ibn Sad al-Katib and judged him weak because of his memory.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Hanafiyyah is retained as a sword designation because the precise sense of the term is uncertain from the supplied text.
وَكَانَ حَنَفِيًّا
The exact meaning of hanafiyyan as a description of the sword is not established by the supplied context.
What sword type or feature does this term designate in this report?
Chapter 13
مَا جَاءَ فِي الْفِطْرِ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musa reported to us from Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, from Said ibn Abd al-Aziz, from Atiyyah ibn Qays, from Qazaah, from Abu Said al-Khudri, who said: In the year of the Conquest, when the Prophet reached Marr al-Zahran, he informed us that we would meet the enemy. He ordered us to break the fast, and we all broke our fast.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih. A report on this subject also comes from Umar.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic says only Umar for the additional report; the English witness specifies Ibn Umar.
وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عُمَرَ
The Arabic names Umar without the patronymic Ibn; the English witness says Ibn Umar.
Should the additional narrator’s identification be checked against the source edition?
Chapter 14
مَا جَاءَ فِي الْخُرُوجِ عِنْدَ الْفَزَعِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Mahmud ibn Ghaylan reported to us from Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi, who said: Shu bah informed us from Qatadah, who reported to us from Anas ibn Malik, who said: The Prophet rode a horse belonging to Abu Talhah, called Mandub. He said: There was no cause for alarm; indeed, we found him to be a sea.
Abu Isa said: A report on this subject also comes from Ibn Amr ibn al-As. This hadith is hasan sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The source English interprets the image ‘a sea’ as meaning swift. The Arabic itself uses the image without an explicit gloss.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Bashshar, Muhammad ibn Jafar, Ibn Abi Adi, and Abu Dawud reported to us, saying: Shu bah reported to us from Qatadah, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: There was an alarm in Madinah, so the Messenger of Allah borrowed a horse of ours called Mandub. He said: We saw no cause for alarm, and indeed found him to be a sea.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
As in the related report, the Arabic uses the image ‘a sea’ without explicitly stating that it means swift.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Qutaybah reported to us from Hammad ibn Zayd, from Thabit, from Anas, who said: The Prophet was the boldest, most generous, and bravest of people. One night the people of Madinah were alarmed when they heard a sound. The Prophet went out to meet them on an unsaddled horse belonging to Abu Talhah, with his sword slung over him. He said: Do not be alarmed; do not be alarmed. Then the Prophet said: I found him to be a sea—that is, the horse.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic includes the Prophet’s reassurance ‘Do not be alarmed’ twice, which is absent from the English witness. The Arabic grade is sahih; the English witness says Hasan Sahih.
قَالَ وَقَدْ فَزِعَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ لَيْلَةً سَمِعُوا صَوْتًا قَالَ فَتَلَقَّاهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى فَرَسٍ لأَبِي طَلْحَةَ عُرْىٍ وَهُوَ مُتَقَلِّدٌ سَيْفَهُ فَقَالَ " لَمْ تُرَاعُوا لَمْ تُرَاعُوا " .
The English witness omits the Prophet’s repeated reassurance to the people.
Should the omission in the English witness be reviewed against the source edition?
قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ .
The Arabic gives sahih; the English witness gives Hasan Sahih.
Should the grading difference be checked against the source edition?
Chapter 15
مَا جَاءَ فِي الثَّبَاتِ عِنْدَ الْقِتَالِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Bashshar reported to us from Yahya ibn Said, from Sufyan al-Thawri, from Abu Ishaq, from al-Bara ibn Azib, who said: A man asked us, O Abu Umarah, did you flee from the Messenger of Allah? He replied: No, by Allah! The Messenger of Allah did not turn back. Rather, the hasty people turned back, and Hawazin met them with arrows. The Messenger of Allah was riding his mule, while Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib held its bridle. The Messenger of Allah was saying: I am the Prophet, no lie; I am the son of Abd al-Muttalib.
Abu Isa said: Reports on this subject also come from Ali and Ibn Umar. This hadith is hasan sahih.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic does not specify the mule’s color, though the English witness calls it white. The English witness also omits Abu Isa’s hasan sahih grading, which is present in Arabic.
قَالَ قَالَ لَنَا رَجُلٌ أَفَرَرْتُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَا أَبَا عُمَارَةَ قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ مَا وَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَلَكِنْ وَلَّى سَرَعَانُ النَّاسِ تَلَقَّتْهُمْ هَوَازِنُ بِالنَّبْلِ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم عَلَى بَغْلَتِهِ وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ آخِذٌ بِلِجَامِهَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ " أَنَا النَّبِيُّ لاَ كَذِبْ أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبْ " .
The Arabic says mule but gives no color; the English witness adds white.
Does the adjective white reflect a variant edition or an addition in the English witness?
وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ .
The Arabic includes a hasan sahih grading, absent from the supplied English witness.
Should the omitted grading be checked against the source edition?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Ali al-Muqaddami al-Basri reported to us; my father reported to me from Sufyan ibn Husayn, from Ubaydullah ibn Umar, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, who said: On the day of Hunayn, I saw us, while both groups were turning back, and there were fewer than a hundred men with the Messenger of Allah.
Abu Isa said: This hadith is hasan sahih gharib. We know it from Ubaydullah only through this chain.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic grading includes sahih; the English witness says Hasan Gharib.
هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ
The Arabic includes sahih in the grading, which is absent from the English witness.
Should the grading difference be checked against the source edition?