One-fifth of Booty to the Cause of Allah (Khumus)

ʿAbdan narrated to us: ʿAbd Allah informed us: Yunus informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: ʿAli ibn al-Husayn told me that Husayn ibn ʿAli (peace be upon them both) told him that ʿAli said: I had an old she-camel from my share of the spoils on the day of Badr, and the Prophet (ﷺ) had given me another old she-camel from the one-fifth share. When I intended to marry Fatima, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I arranged with a goldsmith from Banu Qaynuqaʿ to travel with me so that we could bring back idhkhir grass, which I intended to sell to the goldsmiths and use toward my wedding feast. As I was gathering equipment for my two she-camels—saddles, sacks, and ropes—and they were kneeling beside the room of a man from the Ansar, I returned after gathering what I had gathered and found that their humps had been cut off, their flanks split open, and parts of their livers taken. When I saw that sight, I could not hold back my tears. I asked, “Who did this?” They said, “Hamza ibn ʿAbd al-Muttalib did it; he is in that house with a group of Ansar.” I went until I entered upon the Prophet (ﷺ), with Zayd ibn Haritha beside him. The Prophet (ﷺ) recognized on my face what had happened to me and asked, “What is the matter?” I said, “Messenger of Allah, I have never seen a day like today. Hamza attacked my two she-camels, cut off their humps, and split open their flanks. Here he is, in a house with a group of people.” The Prophet (ﷺ) called for his cloak, put it on, and set out walking. Zayd ibn Haritha and I followed him until he came to the house where Hamza was. He asked permission, and they gave it to him. They were drinking. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) began reproaching Hamza for what he had done. Hamza was intoxicated, his eyes reddened. Hamza looked at the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), then raised his gaze and looked at his knees; then he raised his gaze and looked at his navel; then he raised his gaze and looked at his face. Then Hamza said, “You are nothing but slaves of my father!” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) realized that he was intoxicated, so he backed away, step by step, and we went out with him.

ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ibn ʿAbd Allah narrated to us: Ibrahim ibn Saʿd narrated to us, from Salih, from Ibn Shihab, who said: ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr told me that ʿAʾisha, Mother of the Believers (may Allah be pleased with her), told him that Fatima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (peace be upon her), asked Abu Bakr al-Siddiq after the death of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to divide for her her inheritance from what the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had left of the property Allah had granted him. Abu Bakr said to her, “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘We are not inherited from; what we leave is charity.’” Fatima, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), became angry with Abu Bakr and stopped speaking to him, continuing in that state until she died. She lived six months after the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). ʿAʾisha said: Fatima used to ask Abu Bakr for her share of what the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had left at Khaybar and Fadak, and of his charitable property in Medina. Abu Bakr refused this and said, “I will not abandon anything that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to do without doing it myself, for I fear that if I abandon anything of his practice, I will go astray.” As for his charitable property in Medina, ʿUmar handed it over to ʿAli and al-ʿAbbas. As for Khaybar and Fadak, ʿUmar retained them and said, “These two are the charity of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). They were for the rights that arose upon him and his needs. Their administration is for whoever assumes authority.” He said: They have remained so to this day. Abu ʿAbd Allah said: “Iʿtaraka is the iftiʿāl form from ʿarawtuhu, ‘I came upon him and encountered him.’ From this are yaʿruhu, ‘it comes upon him,’ and iʿtarani, ‘it came upon me.’”

Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Farawi narrated to us: Malik ibn Anas narrated to us, from Ibn Shihab, from Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadathan. Muhammad ibn Jubayr had mentioned to me something from that report, so I went to Malik ibn Aws and asked him about it. Malik said: While I was sitting with my family in the heat of the day, Umar ibn al-Khattab’s messenger came to me and said, “Answer the Commander of the Believers.” I went with him and entered upon Umar. He was sitting on a bedstead made of palm fibers, with no bedding between him and it, leaning on a leather cushion. I greeted him and sat down. He said, “Malik, some households from your people have come to us, and I have ordered that a small gift be given to them. Take it and distribute it among them.” I said, “Commander of the Believers, if only you would appoint someone else for it.” He said, “Take it, man.” While I was sitting with him, his chamberlain Yarfaʾ came and said, “Will you admit ʿUthman, ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn ʿAwf, al-Zubayr, and Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas? They are asking permission.” He said, “Yes.” He admitted them; they entered, greeted him, and sat down. Yarfaʾ sat for a while, then said, “Will you admit ʿAli and al-ʿAbbas?” He said, “Yes.” He admitted them; they entered, greeted him, and sat down. Al-ʿAbbas said, “Commander of the Believers, judge between me and this man.” The two were disputing over what Allah had granted His Messenger (ﷺ) from Banu al-Nadir. The group—ʿUthman and his companions—said, “Commander of the Believers, judge between them and relieve one of them of the other.” ʿUmar said, “Hold on. I adjure you by Allah, by whose permission the heaven and the earth stand: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, ‘We are not inherited from; what we leave is charity’?” He meant that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was referring to himself. The group said, “He did say that.” ʿUmar turned to ʿAli and al-ʿAbbas and said, “I adjure you both by Allah: do you know that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said that?” They said, “He did say that.” ʿUmar said, “I will tell you about this matter. Allah granted His Messenger (ﷺ) a special share of this fayʾ that He gave to no one else.” Then he recited: “Whatever Allah granted His Messenger from them—you did not spur any horses or camels for it—but Allah gives His messengers authority over whomever He wills, and Allah has power over all things”—through His words “all-powerful.” This was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). By Allah, he did not keep it for himself to the exclusion of you, nor did he favor himself over you with it; rather, he gave it to you and distributed it among you until only this property remained. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to provide his family’s expenses for a year from this property, then take what remained and place it in the category of Allah’s property. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did this throughout his life. I adjure you by Allah: do you know this? They said, “Yes.” Then he said to ʿAli and al-ʿAbbas, “I adjure you both by Allah: do you know this?” ʿUmar said: Then Allah took His Prophet (ﷺ), and Abu Bakr said, “I am the one responsible for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).” Abu Bakr took charge of it and managed it as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had managed it. Allah knows that he was truthful, dutiful, rightly guided, and following the truth in this matter. Then Allah took Abu Bakr, and I became responsible for Abu Bakr. I held it for two years of my rule, managing it as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and Abu Bakr had managed it. Allah knows that I was truthful, dutiful, rightly guided, and following the truth in this matter. Then the two of you came to speak to me with one and the same claim and one and the same case. You, al-ʿAbbas, came asking me for your share from your nephew’s property, and this man”—meaning ʿAli—“came asking for his wife’s share from her father’s property. I told you both that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, ‘We are not inherited from; what we leave is charity.’ When I considered handing it over to you, I said, ‘If you wish, I will hand it over to you on the condition that you both undertake before Allah and pledge that you will manage it as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) did, as Abu Bakr did, and as I have done since I took charge of it.’ You said, ‘Hand it over to us.’ So I handed it over to you on that basis. I adjure you by Allah: did I hand it over to them on that basis?” The group said, “Yes.” Then he turned to ʿAli and al-ʿAbbas and said, “I adjure you both by Allah: did I hand it over to you on that basis?” They said, “Yes.” He said, “Are you now seeking a judgment from me other than that? By Allah, by whose permission the heaven and the earth stand, I will issue no judgment about it other than that. If you are unable to manage it, return it to me, and I will manage it for you.”

Abu al-Nuʿman narrated to us: Hammad narrated to us, from Abu Hamza al-Dubaʿi, who said: I heard Ibn ʿAbbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) say: The delegation of ʿAbd al-Qays arrived and said, “Messenger of Allah, we are a branch of Rabiʿa, and the unbelievers of Mudar lie between us and you. We can reach you only during the sacred months. So give us instructions that we may follow and call those behind us to follow.” He said, “I command you to do four things and forbid you four things: belief in Allah”—and he closed his hand—“bearing witness that there is no god but Allah, establishing the prayer, giving zakat, fasting Ramadan, and paying Allah one-fifth of what you gain. I forbid you to use the dubbaʾ, naqir, hantam, and muzaffat.”

ʿAbd Allah ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-Aʿraj, from Abu Hurayra (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “My heirs shall not divide even a single dinar. Whatever I leave after the expenses of my wives and the maintenance of my worker is charity.”

ʿAbd Allah ibn Abi Shayba narrated to us: Abu Usama narrated to us: Hisham narrated to us, from his father, from ʿAʾisha, who said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died when there was nothing in my home that a living creature could eat except half a measure of barley on my shelf. I ate from it until a long time had passed for me; then I measured it, and it was used up.

Musaddad narrated to us: Yahya narrated to us, from Sufyan, who said: Abu Ishaq told me: I heard ʿAmr ibn al-Harith say: The Prophet (ﷺ) left nothing except his weapons, his white mule, and land that he left as charity.

Hibban ibn Musa and Muhammad narrated to us; they said: ʿAbd Allah informed us: Maʿmar and Yunus informed us, from al-Zuhri, who said: ʿUbayd Allah ibn ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUtba ibn Masʿud told me that ʿAʾisha (may Allah be pleased with her), the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), said: When the Messenger of Allah’s (ﷺ) illness became severe, he asked his wives for permission to be nursed in my house, and they gave him permission.

Ibn Abi Maryam narrated to us: Nafiʿ narrated to us: I heard Ibn Abi Mulayka say: ʿAʾisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (ﷺ) died in my house, during my allotted day, between my chest and my throat, and Allah joined my saliva with his saliva. She said: ʿAbd al-Rahman came in with a tooth-stick. The Prophet (ﷺ) was too weak to use it, so I took it, chewed it, and then cleaned his teeth with it.

Saʿid ibn ʿUfayr said: al-Layth told me: ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Khalid told me, from Ibn Shihab, from ʿAli ibn Husayn, that Safiyya, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), told him: She came to visit the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) while he was in retreat in the mosque during the last ten days of Ramadan. Then she got up to leave, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) got up with her. When he reached near the mosque gate, by the door of Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), two men from the Ansar passed by them. They greeted the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), then continued on. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to them, “Take your time.” They said, “Glory be to Allah, Messenger of Allah!” That weighed heavily on them. He said, “Satan reaches into a human being as far as the blood does, and I feared that he might cast something into your hearts.”

Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir narrated to us: Anas ibn ʿIyad narrated to us, from ʿUbayd Allah, from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Habban, from Wasiʿ ibn Habban, from ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: I climbed onto the roof of Hafsa’s house and saw the Prophet (ﷺ) relieving himself, with his back toward the qibla and facing Syria.

Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir narrated to us: Anas ibn ʿIyad narrated to us, from Hisham, from his father, that ʿAʾisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to pray ʿAsr while the sun had not yet left her chamber.

Musa ibn Ismaʿil narrated to us: Juwayriya narrated to us, from Nafiʿ, from ʿAbd Allah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Prophet (ﷺ) stood to deliver a sermon and pointed toward ʿAʾisha’s dwelling. He said, “Tribulation is here”—three times—“from where the horn of Satan rises.”

ʿAbd Allah ibn Yusuf narrated to us: Malik informed us, from ʿAbd Allah ibn Abi Bakr, from ʿAmra bint ʿAbd al-Rahman, that ʿAʾisha, the wife of the Prophet (ﷺ), told her: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was with me, and I heard someone asking permission to enter Hafsa’s house. I said, “Messenger of Allah, this man is asking permission to enter your house.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “I think it is so-and-so, Hafsa’s uncle through breastfeeding. Breastfeeding makes unlawful what birth makes unlawful.”

Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Ansari said: My father told me, from Thumama, from Anas, that when Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was appointed caliph, he sent him to Bahrain, wrote this document for him, and sealed it. The seal’s inscription was three lines: “Muhammad” on one line, “Messenger” on one line, and “Allah” on one line.

ʿAbd Allah ibn Muhammad told me: Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Asadi narrated to us: ʿIsa ibn Tahman narrated to us, who said: Anas brought out to us two worn, hairless sandals with two straps. Thabit al-Bunani later told me, from Anas, that they were the two sandals of the Prophet (ﷺ).

Muhammad ibn Bashshar told me: ʿAbd al-Wahhab narrated to us: Ayyub narrated to us, from Humayd ibn Hilal, from Abu Burda, who said: ʿAʾisha (may Allah be pleased with her) brought out to us a thickened cloak and said, “In this the soul of the Prophet (ﷺ) was taken.” Sulayman added, from Humayd, from Abu Burda, who said: ʿAʾisha brought out to us a thick waist-wrapper of the kind made in Yemen, and a cloak of the sort they call al-mulabbada.

ʿAbdan narrated to us, from Abu Hamza, from ʿAsim, from Ibn Sirin, from Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet’s cup broke, so a chain of silver was made for it at the place of the crack. ʿAsim said: I saw the cup and drank from it.

Saʿid ibn Muhammad al-Jarmi narrated to us: Yaʿqub ibn Ibrahim narrated to us: My father narrated to us, that al-Walid ibn Kathir reported to him from Muhammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Halhala al-Duʾali, who reported that Ibn Shihab told him, that ʿAli ibn Husayn told him: When they came to Medina from Yazid ibn Muʿawiya after the killing of Husayn ibn ʿAli (may Allah have mercy on him), al-Miswar ibn Makhrama met him and said, “Do you have any need that you would like me to take care of?” I said, “No.” He said, “Will you give me the sword of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)? I fear that the people may overpower you and take it. By Allah, if you give it to me, they will never get to it until my life is taken.” ʿAli ibn Abi Talib had sought the hand of Abu Jahl’s daughter in addition to Fatima (peace be upon her). I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) address the people about this from this pulpit while I had reached puberty. He said, “Fatima is a part of me, and I fear that she will be put to trial in her religion.” Then he mentioned a son-in-law of his from Banu ʿAbd Shams and praised his relationship by marriage to him. He said, “He spoke to me and told the truth; he promised me and fulfilled his promise. I do not make lawful things unlawful, nor make unlawful things lawful, but, by Allah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the daughter of the enemy of Allah will never be united.”