Sunan Ibn Majah
Fasting
كتاب الصيام
Chapter 41
صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Abdah narrated to us; Hammad ibn Zayd informed us; Ghaylan ibn Jarir narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Ma‘bad al-Zimmani, from Abu Qatadah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Fasting on the Day of Ashura—I hope for Allah’s reward that it will expiate the year before it.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic does not explicitly state ‘sins’ as the object of expiation.
Chapter 42
صِيَامِ يَوْمِ الاِثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hisham ibn Ammar narrated to us; Yahya ibn Hamzah narrated to us; Thawr ibn Yazid narrated to me, from Khalid ibn Ma‘dan, from Rabi‘ah ibn al-Ghaz, who asked Aishah about the fasting of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She said: He used to make a point of fasting on Mondays and Thursdays.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Azim al-Anbari narrated to us; al-Dahhak ibn Makhlad narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Rifa‘ah, from Suhayl ibn Abi Salih, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fast on Mondays and Thursdays. It was said, ‘Messenger of Allah, you fast on Mondays and Thursdays.’ He said: ‘On Mondays and Thursdays, Allah forgives every Muslim except two who have severed relations with one another. He says, “Leave them until they reconcile.”’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The expression muhatajirayn describes two people who have cut off relations; the translation does not specify the nature of their dispute.
Chapter 43
صِيَامِ أَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Waki‘ narrated to us, from Sufyan, from al-Jurayri, from Abu al-Salil, from Abu Mujibah al-Bahili, from his father—or from his uncle—who said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, ‘Prophet of Allah, I am the man who came to you last year.’ He said, ‘Why do I see your body so emaciated?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I have not eaten food during the day; I eat only at night.’ He said, ‘Who told you to torment yourself?’ I said, ‘Messenger of Allah, I am able to bear it.’ He said, ‘Fast the month of patience and one day after it.’ I said, ‘I am able to bear it.’ He said, ‘Fast the month of patience and two days after it.’ I said, ‘I am able to bear it.’ He said, ‘Fast the month of patience and three days after it, and fast the sacred months.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The Arabic calls it ‘the month of patience’ and does not name the month in this wording.
عَنْ أَبِيهِ،
The transmission is phrased as ‘from his father, or from his uncle,’ leaving the identity of the immediate narrator unresolved.
Should the immediate narrator be identified as Abu Mujibah al-Bahili’s father or his uncle?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; al-Husayn ibn Ali narrated to us, from Za’idah, from Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr, from Muhammad ibn al-Muntashir, from Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Himyari, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: A man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked, ‘Which fast is best after the month of Ramadan?’ He said, ‘The month of Allah that you call al-Muharram.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir al-Hizami narrated to us; Dawud ibn Ata narrated to us; Zayd ibn Abd al-Hamid ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab narrated to me, from Sulayman, from his father, from Ibn Abbas, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting in Rajab.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us; Abd al-Aziz al-Darawardi narrated to us, from Yazid ibn Abdullah ibn Usamah ibn al-Had, from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, that Usamah ibn Zayd used to fast during the sacred months. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him, ‘Fast in Shawwal.’ So he left off fasting during the sacred months and continued fasting in Shawwal until he died.
Chapter 44
فِي الصَّوْمِ زَكَاةُ الْجَسَدِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr narrated to us; Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us. And Muharriz ibn Salamah al-Adani narrated to us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad narrated to us. Both transmit from Musa ibn Ubaydah, from Jumhan, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Everything has a zakah, and the zakah of the body is fasting.’ Muharriz added in his narration: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘Fasting is half of patience.’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Zakah is retained as a religious term; the report uses it figuratively for fasting as the body's zakah.
Chapter 45
فِي ثَوَابِ مَنْ فَطَّرَ صَائِمًا
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Waki‘ narrated to us, from Ibn Abi Layla; my maternal uncle Ya‘la narrated from Abd al-Malik; and Abu Muawiyah narrated from Hajjaj. All of them transmit from Ata, from Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever provides a fasting person with food to break the fast will have a reward like his, without diminishing anything from their rewards.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hisham ibn Ammar narrated to us; Sa‘id ibn Yahya al-Lakhmi narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Amr narrated to us, from Mus‘ab ibn Thabit, from Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) broke his fast at the home of Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh and said: ‘May the fasting people break their fast at your home, may the righteous eat your food, and may the angels invoke blessings upon you.’
Chapter 46
فِي الصَّائِمِ إِذَا أُكِلَ عِنْدَهُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah, Ali ibn Muhammad, and Sahl narrated to us; they said: Waki‘ narrated to us, from Shu‘bah, from Habib ibn Zayd al-Ansari, from a woman called Layla, from Umm Umara, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to us, and we brought food near him. Some of those with him were fasting. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘When food is eaten in the presence of a fasting person, the angels invoke blessings upon him.’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn al-Musaffa narrated to us; Baqiyyah narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, from Sulayman ibn Buraydah, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Bilal, ‘The midday meal, Bilal?’ He replied, ‘I am fasting.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘We eat our provisions, while Bilal’s share of provision is in Paradise. Do you know, Bilal, that the bones of a fasting person glorify Allah and the angels seek forgiveness for him as long as food is eaten in his presence?’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The wording about Bilal’s share of provision in Paradise is rendered closely, without interpreting the image.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ " نَأْكُلُ أَرْزَاقَنَا وَفَضْلُ رِزْقِ بِلاَلٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَشَعَرْتَ يَا بِلاَلُ أَنَّ الصَّائِمَ تُسَبِّحُ عِظَامُهُ وَتَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ مَا أُكِلَ عِنْدَهُ " .
The phrase ‘Bilal’s share of provision is in Paradise’ is figurative or elliptical, and the source does not state what aspect of that provision is meant.
Should this phrase be understood as a share of reward or blessing, or kept as the source’s image?
Chapter 47
مَنْ دُعِيَ إِلَى طَعَامٍ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah and Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us; they said: Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated to us, from Abu al-Zinad, from al-A‘raj, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who said: ‘If one of you is invited to a meal while fasting, let him say, “I am fasting.”’
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Sulami narrated to us; Abu Asim narrated to us; Ibn Jurayj informed us, from Abu al-Zubayr, from Jabir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘If someone is invited to a meal while fasting, let him accept the invitation. If he wishes, he may eat; and if he wishes, he may leave it.’
Chapter 48
فِي " الصَّائِمُ لاَ تُرَدُّ دَعَوْتُهُ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Ali ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Waki‘ narrated to us, from Sa‘dan al-Juhani, from Sa‘d, Abu Mujahid al-Ta’i—who was trustworthy—from Abu Mudillah—who was trustworthy—from Abu Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Three people’s supplications are not rejected: a just leader, a fasting person until he breaks the fast, and the supplication of the wronged person. Allah raises it above the clouds, the gates of heaven are opened for it, and He says, “By My might, I will surely grant you help, even after some time.”’
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
The final ‘you’ is grammatically feminine in Arabic and refers to the supplication; the translation retains the direct address.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Hisham ibn Ammar narrated to us; al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us; Ishaq ibn Ubayd Allah al-Madani narrated to us, saying: I heard Abdullah ibn Abi Mulaykah say: I heard Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As say: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘At the time a fasting person breaks the fast, there is a supplication of his that is not rejected.’ Ibn Abi Mulaykah said: I heard Abdullah ibn Amr say, when he broke his fast: ‘O Allah, I ask You by Your mercy, which encompasses all things, to forgive me.’
Chapter 49
فِي الأَكْلِ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Jubarah ibn al-Mughallis narrated to us; Hushaim narrated to us, from Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Bakr, from Anas ibn Malik, who said: On the Day of al-Fitr, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would not go out until he had eaten some dates.
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Jubarah ibn al-Mughallis narrated to us; Mindal ibn Ali narrated to us; Umar ibn Suhban narrated to us, from Nafi‘, from Ibn Umar, who said: On the Day of al-Fitr, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would not set out in the morning until he had given his companions a meal from the sadaqat al-fitr.
Notes and open questions — unreviewed
Sadaqat al-fitr is retained as a religious term; the wording does not explain how the meal was provided from it.
قَالَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ لاَ يَغْدُو يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ حَتَّى يُغَدِّيَ أَصْحَابَهُ مِنْ صَدَقَةِ الْفِطْرِ .
The wording says he fed his companions from sadaqat al-fitr, but does not specify whether this means food purchased from its proceeds or another arrangement.
How should ‘from sadaqat al-fitr’ be understood in relation to the meal?
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us; Abu Asim narrated to us; Thawwab ibn Utbah al-Mihri narrated to us, from Ibn Buraydah, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would not go out on the Day of al-Fitr until he had eaten, and would not eat on the Day of Sacrifice until he returned.
Chapter 50
مَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ رَمَضَانَ قَدْ فَرَّطَ فِيهِ
Unreviewed translation. All hadiths in this collection are available in five languages. Titles and introductions may remain in Arabic.
Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us; Qutaybah narrated to us; Abthar narrated to us, from Ash‘ath, from Muhammad ibn Sirin, from Nafi‘, from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: ‘Whoever dies while owing a month of fasting, let one needy person be fed on his behalf for each day.’